From 274aad86e77c35072b4287f08213990cca9a14e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ipknHama <ipknhama@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2017 05:15:41 +0900
Subject: Remove amalgamation result (`crow_all.h`) from the repository

---
 CMakeLists.txt          |    2 +-
 amalgamate/crow_all.h   | 9662 -----------------------------------------------
 examples/CMakeLists.txt |    1 +
 3 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 9663 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 amalgamate/crow_all.h

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 4afc7cf..40d53f8 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ else()
 		COMMAND python ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/amalgamate/merge_all.py ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
 		COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/amalgamate/crow_all.h ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/amalgamate
 		WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/amalgamate
-		DEPENDS ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/*.h
+		DEPENDS ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/*.h ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/crow/*.h
 	)
 
 	add_custom_target(amalgamation ALL DEPENDS ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/amalgamate/crow_all.h)
diff --git a/amalgamate/crow_all.h b/amalgamate/crow_all.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 0c88e5d..0000000
--- a/amalgamate/crow_all.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9662 +0,0 @@
-/* 
- *
- * TinySHA1 - a header only implementation of the SHA1 algorithm in C++. Based
- * on the implementation in boost::uuid::details.
- * 
- * SHA1 Wikipedia Page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-1
- * 
- * Copyright (c) 2012-22 SAURAV MOHAPATRA <mohaps@gmail.com>
- *
- * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
- * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
- * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
- * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
- * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
- * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
- * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
- * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
- */
-#ifndef _TINY_SHA1_HPP_
-#define _TINY_SHA1_HPP_
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <stdint.h>
-namespace sha1
-{
-	class SHA1
-	{
-	public:
-		typedef uint32_t digest32_t[5];
-		typedef uint8_t digest8_t[20];
-		inline static uint32_t LeftRotate(uint32_t value, size_t count) {
-			return (value << count) ^ (value >> (32-count));
-		}
-		SHA1(){ reset(); }
-		virtual ~SHA1() {}
-		SHA1(const SHA1& s) { *this = s; }
-		const SHA1& operator = (const SHA1& s) {
-			memcpy(m_digest, s.m_digest, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t));
-			memcpy(m_block, s.m_block, 64);
-			m_blockByteIndex = s.m_blockByteIndex;
-			m_byteCount = s.m_byteCount;
-			return *this;
-		}
-		SHA1& reset() {
-			m_digest[0] = 0x67452301;
-			m_digest[1] = 0xEFCDAB89;
-			m_digest[2] = 0x98BADCFE;
-			m_digest[3] = 0x10325476;
-			m_digest[4] = 0xC3D2E1F0;
-			m_blockByteIndex = 0;
-			m_byteCount = 0;
-			return *this;
-		}
-		SHA1& processByte(uint8_t octet) {
-			this->m_block[this->m_blockByteIndex++] = octet;
-			++this->m_byteCount;
-			if(m_blockByteIndex == 64) {
-				this->m_blockByteIndex = 0;
-				processBlock();
-			}
-			return *this;
-		}
-		SHA1& processBlock(const void* const start, const void* const end) {
-			const uint8_t* begin = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(start);
-			const uint8_t* finish = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(end);
-			while(begin != finish) {
-				processByte(*begin);
-				begin++;
-			}
-			return *this;
-		}
-		SHA1& processBytes(const void* const data, size_t len) {
-			const uint8_t* block = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(data);
-			processBlock(block, block + len);
-			return *this;
-		}
-		const uint32_t* getDigest(digest32_t digest) {
-			size_t bitCount = this->m_byteCount * 8;
-			processByte(0x80);
-			if (this->m_blockByteIndex > 56) {
-				while (m_blockByteIndex != 0) {
-					processByte(0);
-				}
-				while (m_blockByteIndex < 56) {
-					processByte(0);
-				}
-			} else {
-				while (m_blockByteIndex < 56) {
-					processByte(0);
-				}
-			}
-			processByte(0);
-			processByte(0);
-			processByte(0);
-			processByte(0);
-			processByte( static_cast<unsigned char>((bitCount>>24) & 0xFF));
-			processByte( static_cast<unsigned char>((bitCount>>16) & 0xFF));
-			processByte( static_cast<unsigned char>((bitCount>>8 ) & 0xFF));
-			processByte( static_cast<unsigned char>((bitCount)     & 0xFF));
-	
-			memcpy(digest, m_digest, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t));
-			return digest;
-		}
-		const uint8_t* getDigestBytes(digest8_t digest) {
-			digest32_t d32;
-			getDigest(d32);
-			size_t di = 0;
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[0] >> 24) & 0xFF);
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[0] >> 16) & 0xFF);
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[0] >> 8) & 0xFF);
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[0]) & 0xFF);
-			
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[1] >> 24) & 0xFF);
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[1] >> 16) & 0xFF);
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[1] >> 8) & 0xFF);
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[1]) & 0xFF);
-			
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[2] >> 24) & 0xFF);
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[2] >> 16) & 0xFF);
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[2] >> 8) & 0xFF);
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[2]) & 0xFF);
-			
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[3] >> 24) & 0xFF);
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[3] >> 16) & 0xFF);
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[3] >> 8) & 0xFF);
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[3]) & 0xFF);
-			
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[4] >> 24) & 0xFF);
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[4] >> 16) & 0xFF);
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[4] >> 8) & 0xFF);
-			digest[di++] = ((d32[4]) & 0xFF);
-			return digest;
-		}
-	
-	protected:
-		void processBlock() {
-			uint32_t w[80];
-			for (size_t i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-				w[i]  = (m_block[i*4 + 0] << 24);
-				w[i] |= (m_block[i*4 + 1] << 16);
-				w[i] |= (m_block[i*4 + 2] << 8);
-				w[i] |= (m_block[i*4 + 3]);
-			}
-			for (size_t i = 16; i < 80; i++) {
-				w[i] = LeftRotate((w[i-3] ^ w[i-8] ^ w[i-14] ^ w[i-16]), 1);
-			}
-	
-			uint32_t a = m_digest[0];
-			uint32_t b = m_digest[1];
-			uint32_t c = m_digest[2];
-			uint32_t d = m_digest[3];
-			uint32_t e = m_digest[4];
-	
-			for (std::size_t i=0; i<80; ++i) {
-				uint32_t f = 0;
-				uint32_t k = 0;
-	
-				if (i<20) {
-					f = (b & c) | (~b & d);
-					k = 0x5A827999;
-				} else if (i<40) {
-					f = b ^ c ^ d;
-					k = 0x6ED9EBA1;
-				} else if (i<60) {
-					f = (b & c) | (b & d) | (c & d);
-					k = 0x8F1BBCDC;
-				} else {
-					f = b ^ c ^ d;
-					k = 0xCA62C1D6;
-				}
-				uint32_t temp = LeftRotate(a, 5) + f + e + k + w[i];
-				e = d;
-				d = c;
-				c = LeftRotate(b, 30);
-				b = a;
-				a = temp;
-			}
-	
-			m_digest[0] += a;
-			m_digest[1] += b;
-			m_digest[2] += c;
-			m_digest[3] += d;
-			m_digest[4] += e;
-		}
-	private:
-		digest32_t m_digest;
-		uint8_t m_block[64];
-		size_t m_blockByteIndex;
-		size_t m_byteCount;
-	};
-}
-#endif
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-// settings for crow
-// TODO - replace with runtime config. libucl?
-
-/* #ifdef - enables debug mode */
-#define CROW_ENABLE_DEBUG
-
-/* #ifdef - enables logging */
-#define CROW_ENABLE_LOGGING
-
-/* #ifdef - enables ssl */
-//#define CROW_ENABLE_SSL
-
-/* #define - specifies log level */
-/*
-    Debug       = 0
-    Info        = 1
-    Warning     = 2
-    Error       = 3
-    Critical    = 4
-
-    default to INFO
-*/
-#define CROW_LOG_LEVEL 1
-
-
-// compiler flags
-#if __cplusplus >= 201402L
-#define CROW_CAN_USE_CPP14
-#endif
-
-#if defined(_MSC_VER)
-#if _MSC_VER < 1900
-#define CROW_MSVC_WORKAROUND
-#define constexpr const
-#define noexcept throw()
-#endif
-#endif
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <stdexcept>
-#include <tuple>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <functional>
-#include <string>
-
-
-
-
-namespace crow
-{
-    namespace black_magic
-    {
-#ifndef CROW_MSVC_WORKAROUND
-        struct OutOfRange
-        {
-            OutOfRange(unsigned /*pos*/, unsigned /*length*/) {}
-        };
-        constexpr unsigned requires_in_range( unsigned i, unsigned len )
-        {
-            return i >= len ? throw OutOfRange(i, len) : i;
-        }
-
-        class const_str
-        {
-            const char * const begin_;
-            unsigned size_;
-
-            public:
-            template< unsigned N >
-                constexpr const_str( const char(&arr)[N] ) : begin_(arr), size_(N - 1) {
-                    static_assert( N >= 1, "not a string literal");
-                }
-            constexpr char operator[]( unsigned i ) const { 
-                return requires_in_range(i, size_), begin_[i]; 
-            }
-
-            constexpr operator const char *() const { 
-                return begin_; 
-            }
-
-            constexpr const char* begin() const { return begin_; }
-            constexpr const char* end() const { return begin_ + size_; }
-
-            constexpr unsigned size() const { 
-                return size_; 
-            }
-        };
-
-        constexpr unsigned find_closing_tag(const_str s, unsigned p)
-        {
-            return s[p] == '>' ? p : find_closing_tag(s, p+1);
-        }
-
-        constexpr bool is_valid(const_str s, unsigned i = 0, int f = 0)
-        {
-            return 
-                i == s.size()
-                    ? f == 0 :
-                f < 0 || f >= 2
-                    ? false :
-                s[i] == '<'
-                    ? is_valid(s, i+1, f+1) :
-                s[i] == '>'
-                    ? is_valid(s, i+1, f-1) :
-                is_valid(s, i+1, f);
-        }
-
-        constexpr bool is_equ_p(const char* a, const char* b, unsigned n)
-        {
-            return
-                *a == 0 && *b == 0 && n == 0 
-                    ? true :
-                (*a == 0 || *b == 0)
-                    ? false :
-                n == 0
-                    ? true :
-                *a != *b
-                    ? false :
-                is_equ_p(a+1, b+1, n-1);
-        }
-
-        constexpr bool is_equ_n(const_str a, unsigned ai, const_str b, unsigned bi, unsigned n)
-        {
-            return 
-                ai + n > a.size() || bi + n > b.size() 
-                    ? false :
-                n == 0 
-                    ? true : 
-                a[ai] != b[bi] 
-                    ? false : 
-                is_equ_n(a,ai+1,b,bi+1,n-1);
-        }
-
-        constexpr bool is_int(const_str s, unsigned i)
-        {
-            return is_equ_n(s, i, "<int>", 0, 5);
-        }
-
-        constexpr bool is_uint(const_str s, unsigned i)
-        {
-            return is_equ_n(s, i, "<uint>", 0, 6);
-        }
-
-        constexpr bool is_float(const_str s, unsigned i)
-        {
-            return is_equ_n(s, i, "<float>", 0, 7) ||
-                is_equ_n(s, i, "<double>", 0, 8);
-        }
-
-        constexpr bool is_str(const_str s, unsigned i)
-        {
-            return is_equ_n(s, i, "<str>", 0, 5) ||
-                is_equ_n(s, i, "<string>", 0, 8);
-        }
-
-        constexpr bool is_path(const_str s, unsigned i)
-        {
-            return is_equ_n(s, i, "<path>", 0, 6);
-        }
-#endif
-        template <typename T> 
-        struct parameter_tag
-        {
-            static const int value = 0;
-        };
-#define CROW_INTERNAL_PARAMETER_TAG(t, i) \
-template <> \
-struct parameter_tag<t> \
-{ \
-    static const int value = i; \
-}
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PARAMETER_TAG(int, 1);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PARAMETER_TAG(char, 1);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PARAMETER_TAG(short, 1);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PARAMETER_TAG(long, 1);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PARAMETER_TAG(long long, 1);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PARAMETER_TAG(unsigned int, 2);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PARAMETER_TAG(unsigned char, 2);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PARAMETER_TAG(unsigned short, 2);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PARAMETER_TAG(unsigned long, 2);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PARAMETER_TAG(unsigned long long, 2);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PARAMETER_TAG(double, 3);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PARAMETER_TAG(std::string, 4);
-#undef CROW_INTERNAL_PARAMETER_TAG
-        template <typename ... Args>
-        struct compute_parameter_tag_from_args_list;
-
-        template <>
-        struct compute_parameter_tag_from_args_list<>
-        {
-            static const int value = 0;
-        };
-
-        template <typename Arg, typename ... Args>
-        struct compute_parameter_tag_from_args_list<Arg, Args...>
-        {
-            static const int sub_value = 
-                compute_parameter_tag_from_args_list<Args...>::value;
-            static const int value = 
-                parameter_tag<typename std::decay<Arg>::type>::value
-                ? sub_value* 6 + parameter_tag<typename std::decay<Arg>::type>::value
-                : sub_value;
-        };
-
-        static inline bool is_parameter_tag_compatible(uint64_t a, uint64_t b)
-        {
-            if (a == 0)
-                return b == 0;
-            if (b == 0)
-                return a == 0;
-            int sa = a%6;
-            int sb = a%6;
-            if (sa == 5) sa = 4;
-            if (sb == 5) sb = 4;
-            if (sa != sb)
-                return false;
-            return is_parameter_tag_compatible(a/6, b/6);
-        }
-
-        static inline unsigned find_closing_tag_runtime(const char* s, unsigned p)
-        {
-            return
-                s[p] == 0
-                ? throw std::runtime_error("unmatched tag <") :
-                s[p] == '>'
-                ? p : find_closing_tag_runtime(s, p + 1);
-        }
-        
-        static inline uint64_t get_parameter_tag_runtime(const char* s, unsigned p = 0)
-        {
-            return
-                s[p] == 0
-                    ?  0 :
-                s[p] == '<' ? (
-                    std::strncmp(s+p, "<int>", 5) == 0
-                        ? get_parameter_tag_runtime(s, find_closing_tag_runtime(s, p)) * 6 + 1 :
-                    std::strncmp(s+p, "<uint>", 6) == 0
-                        ? get_parameter_tag_runtime(s, find_closing_tag_runtime(s, p)) * 6 + 2 :
-                    (std::strncmp(s+p, "<float>", 7) == 0 ||
-                    std::strncmp(s+p, "<double>", 8) == 0)
-                        ? get_parameter_tag_runtime(s, find_closing_tag_runtime(s, p)) * 6 + 3 :
-                    (std::strncmp(s+p, "<str>", 5) == 0 ||
-                    std::strncmp(s+p, "<string>", 8) == 0)
-                        ? get_parameter_tag_runtime(s, find_closing_tag_runtime(s, p)) * 6 + 4 :
-                    std::strncmp(s+p, "<path>", 6) == 0
-                        ? get_parameter_tag_runtime(s, find_closing_tag_runtime(s, p)) * 6 + 5 :
-                    throw std::runtime_error("invalid parameter type")
-                    ) :
-                get_parameter_tag_runtime(s, p+1);
-        }
-#ifndef CROW_MSVC_WORKAROUND
-        constexpr uint64_t get_parameter_tag(const_str s, unsigned p = 0)
-        {
-            return
-                p == s.size() 
-                    ?  0 :
-                s[p] == '<' ? ( 
-                    is_int(s, p)
-                        ? get_parameter_tag(s, find_closing_tag(s, p)) * 6 + 1 :
-                    is_uint(s, p)
-                        ? get_parameter_tag(s, find_closing_tag(s, p)) * 6 + 2 :
-                    is_float(s, p)
-                        ? get_parameter_tag(s, find_closing_tag(s, p)) * 6 + 3 :
-                    is_str(s, p)
-                        ? get_parameter_tag(s, find_closing_tag(s, p)) * 6 + 4 :
-                    is_path(s, p)
-                        ? get_parameter_tag(s, find_closing_tag(s, p)) * 6 + 5 :
-                    throw std::runtime_error("invalid parameter type")
-                    ) : 
-                get_parameter_tag(s, p+1);
-        }
-#endif
-
-        template <typename ... T>
-        struct S
-        {
-            template <typename U>
-            using push = S<U, T...>;
-            template <typename U>
-            using push_back = S<T..., U>;
-            template <template<typename ... Args> class U>
-            using rebind = U<T...>;
-        };
-template <typename F, typename Set>
-        struct CallHelper;
-        template <typename F, typename ...Args>
-        struct CallHelper<F, S<Args...>>
-        {
-            template <typename F1, typename ...Args1, typename = 
-                decltype(std::declval<F1>()(std::declval<Args1>()...))
-                >
-            static char __test(int);
-
-            template <typename ...>
-            static int __test(...);
-
-            static constexpr bool value = sizeof(__test<F, Args...>(0)) == sizeof(char);
-        };
-
-
-        template <int N>
-        struct single_tag_to_type
-        {
-        };
-
-        template <>
-        struct single_tag_to_type<1>
-        {
-            using type = int64_t;
-        };
-
-        template <>
-        struct single_tag_to_type<2>
-        {
-            using type = uint64_t;
-        };
-
-        template <>
-        struct single_tag_to_type<3>
-        {
-            using type = double;
-        };
-
-        template <>
-        struct single_tag_to_type<4>
-        {
-            using type = std::string;
-        };
-
-        template <>
-        struct single_tag_to_type<5>
-        {
-            using type = std::string;
-        };
-
-
-        template <uint64_t Tag> 
-        struct arguments
-        {
-            using subarguments = typename arguments<Tag/6>::type;
-            using type = 
-                typename subarguments::template push<typename single_tag_to_type<Tag%6>::type>;
-        };
-
-        template <> 
-        struct arguments<0>
-        {
-            using type = S<>;
-        };
-
-        template <typename ... T>
-        struct last_element_type
-        {
-            using type = typename std::tuple_element<sizeof...(T)-1, std::tuple<T...>>::type;
-        };
-
-
-        template <>
-        struct last_element_type<>
-        {
-        };
-
-
-        // from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13072359/c11-compile-time-array-with-logarithmic-evaluation-depth
-        template<class T> using Invoke = typename T::type;
-
-        template<unsigned...> struct seq{ using type = seq; };
-
-        template<class S1, class S2> struct concat;
-
-        template<unsigned... I1, unsigned... I2>
-        struct concat<seq<I1...>, seq<I2...>>
-          : seq<I1..., (sizeof...(I1)+I2)...>{};
-
-        template<class S1, class S2>
-        using Concat = Invoke<concat<S1, S2>>;
-
-        template<unsigned N> struct gen_seq;
-        template<unsigned N> using GenSeq = Invoke<gen_seq<N>>;
-
-        template<unsigned N>
-        struct gen_seq : Concat<GenSeq<N/2>, GenSeq<N - N/2>>{};
-
-        template<> struct gen_seq<0> : seq<>{};
-        template<> struct gen_seq<1> : seq<0>{};
-
-        template <typename Seq, typename Tuple> 
-        struct pop_back_helper;
-
-        template <unsigned ... N, typename Tuple>
-        struct pop_back_helper<seq<N...>, Tuple>
-        {
-            template <template <typename ... Args> class U>
-            using rebind = U<typename std::tuple_element<N, Tuple>::type...>;
-        };
-
-        template <typename ... T>
-        struct pop_back //: public pop_back_helper<typename gen_seq<sizeof...(T)-1>::type, std::tuple<T...>>
-        {
-            template <template <typename ... Args> class U>
-            using rebind = typename pop_back_helper<typename gen_seq<sizeof...(T)-1>::type, std::tuple<T...>>::template rebind<U>;
-        };
-
-        template <>
-        struct pop_back<>
-        {
-            template <template <typename ... Args> class U>
-            using rebind = U<>;
-        };
-
-        // from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2118541/check-if-c0x-parameter-pack-contains-a-type
-        template < typename Tp, typename... List >
-        struct contains : std::true_type {};
-
-        template < typename Tp, typename Head, typename... Rest >
-        struct contains<Tp, Head, Rest...>
-        : std::conditional< std::is_same<Tp, Head>::value,
-            std::true_type,
-            contains<Tp, Rest...>
-        >::type {};
-
-        template < typename Tp >
-        struct contains<Tp> : std::false_type {};
-
-        template <typename T>
-        struct empty_context
-        {
-        };
-
-        template <typename T>
-        struct promote
-        {
-            using type = T;
-        };
-
-#define CROW_INTERNAL_PROMOTE_TYPE(t1, t2) \
-        template<> \
-        struct promote<t1> \
-        {  \
-            using type = t2; \
-        }
-
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PROMOTE_TYPE(char, int64_t);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PROMOTE_TYPE(short, int64_t);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PROMOTE_TYPE(int, int64_t);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PROMOTE_TYPE(long, int64_t);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PROMOTE_TYPE(long long, int64_t);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PROMOTE_TYPE(unsigned char, uint64_t);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PROMOTE_TYPE(unsigned short, uint64_t);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PROMOTE_TYPE(unsigned int, uint64_t);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PROMOTE_TYPE(unsigned long, uint64_t);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PROMOTE_TYPE(unsigned long long, uint64_t);
-        CROW_INTERNAL_PROMOTE_TYPE(float, double);
-#undef CROW_INTERNAL_PROMOTE_TYPE
-
-        template <typename T>
-        using promote_t = typename promote<T>::type;
-
-    } // namespace black_magic
-
-    namespace detail
-    {
-
-        template <class T, std::size_t N, class... Args>
-        struct get_index_of_element_from_tuple_by_type_impl
-        {
-            static constexpr auto value = N;
-        };
-
-        template <class T, std::size_t N, class... Args>
-        struct get_index_of_element_from_tuple_by_type_impl<T, N, T, Args...>
-        {
-            static constexpr auto value = N;
-        };
-
-        template <class T, std::size_t N, class U, class... Args>
-        struct get_index_of_element_from_tuple_by_type_impl<T, N, U, Args...>
-        {
-            static constexpr auto value = get_index_of_element_from_tuple_by_type_impl<T, N + 1, Args...>::value;
-        };
-
-    } // namespace detail
-
-    namespace utility
-    {
-        template <class T, class... Args>
-        T& get_element_by_type(std::tuple<Args...>& t)
-        {
-            return std::get<detail::get_index_of_element_from_tuple_by_type_impl<T, 0, Args...>::value>(t);
-        }
-
-        template<typename T> 
-        struct function_traits;  
-
-#ifndef CROW_MSVC_WORKAROUND
-        template<typename T> 
-        struct function_traits : public function_traits<decltype(&T::operator())>
-        {
-            using parent_t = function_traits<decltype(&T::operator())>;
-            static const size_t arity = parent_t::arity;
-            using result_type = typename parent_t::result_type;
-            template <size_t i>
-            using arg = typename parent_t::template arg<i>;
-        
-        };  
-#endif
-
-        template<typename ClassType, typename R, typename ...Args> 
-        struct function_traits<R(ClassType::*)(Args...) const>
-        {
-            static const size_t arity = sizeof...(Args);
-
-            typedef R result_type;
-
-            template <size_t i>
-            using arg = typename std::tuple_element<i, std::tuple<Args...>>::type;
-        };
-
-        template<typename ClassType, typename R, typename ...Args> 
-        struct function_traits<R(ClassType::*)(Args...)>
-        {
-            static const size_t arity = sizeof...(Args);
-
-            typedef R result_type;
-
-            template <size_t i>
-            using arg = typename std::tuple_element<i, std::tuple<Args...>>::type;
-        };
-
-        template<typename R, typename ...Args> 
-        struct function_traits<std::function<R(Args...)>>
-        {
-            static const size_t arity = sizeof...(Args);
-
-            typedef R result_type;
-
-            template <size_t i>
-            using arg = typename std::tuple_element<i, std::tuple<Args...>>::type;
-        };
-
-        inline static std::string base64encode(const char* data, size_t size, const char* key = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/")
-        {
-            std::string ret;
-            ret.resize((size+2) / 3 * 4);
-            auto it = ret.begin();
-            while(size >= 3)
-            {
-                *it++ = key[(((unsigned char)*data)&0xFC)>>2];
-                unsigned char h = (((unsigned char)*data++) & 0x03) << 4;
-                *it++ = key[h|((((unsigned char)*data)&0xF0)>>4)];
-                h = (((unsigned char)*data++) & 0x0F) << 2;
-                *it++ = key[h|((((unsigned char)*data)&0xC0)>>6)];
-                *it++ = key[((unsigned char)*data++)&0x3F];
-
-                size -= 3;
-            }
-            if (size == 1)
-            {
-                *it++ = key[(((unsigned char)*data)&0xFC)>>2];
-                unsigned char h = (((unsigned char)*data++) & 0x03) << 4;
-                *it++ = key[h];
-                *it++ = '=';
-                *it++ = '=';
-            }
-            else if (size == 2)
-            {
-                *it++ = key[(((unsigned char)*data)&0xFC)>>2];
-                unsigned char h = (((unsigned char)*data++) & 0x03) << 4;
-                *it++ = key[h|((((unsigned char)*data)&0xF0)>>4)];
-                h = (((unsigned char)*data++) & 0x0F) << 2;
-                *it++ = key[h];
-                *it++ = '=';
-            }
-            return ret;
-        }
-
-        inline static std::string base64encode_urlsafe(const char* data, size_t size)
-        {
-            return base64encode(data, size, "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_");
-        }
-
-
-    } // namespace utility
-}
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-#include <boost/asio.hpp>
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_SSL
-#include <boost/asio/ssl.hpp>
-#endif
-
-
-namespace crow
-{
-    using namespace boost;
-    using tcp = asio::ip::tcp;
-
-    struct SocketAdaptor
-    {
-        using context = void;
-        SocketAdaptor(boost::asio::io_service& io_service, context*)
-            : socket_(io_service)
-        {
-        }
-
-        boost::asio::io_service& get_io_service()
-        {
-            return socket_.get_io_service();
-        }
-
-        tcp::socket& raw_socket()
-        {
-            return socket_;
-        }
-
-        tcp::socket& socket()
-        {
-            return socket_;
-        }
-
-        tcp::endpoint remote_endpoint()
-        {
-            return socket_.remote_endpoint();
-        }
-
-        bool is_open()
-        {
-            return socket_.is_open();
-        }
-
-        void close()
-        {
-            socket_.close();
-        }
-
-        template <typename F> 
-        void start(F f)
-        {
-            f(boost::system::error_code());
-        }
-
-        tcp::socket socket_;
-    };
-
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_SSL
-    struct SSLAdaptor
-    {
-        using context = boost::asio::ssl::context;
-        using ssl_socket_t = boost::asio::ssl::stream<tcp::socket>;
-        SSLAdaptor(boost::asio::io_service& io_service, context* ctx)
-            : ssl_socket_(new ssl_socket_t(io_service, *ctx))
-        {
-        }
-
-        boost::asio::ssl::stream<tcp::socket>& socket()
-        {
-            return *ssl_socket_;
-        }
-
-        tcp::socket::lowest_layer_type&
-        raw_socket()
-        {
-            return ssl_socket_->lowest_layer();
-        }
-
-        tcp::endpoint remote_endpoint()
-        {
-            return raw_socket().remote_endpoint();
-        }
-
-        bool is_open()
-        {
-            return raw_socket().is_open();
-        }
-
-        void close()
-        {
-            raw_socket().close();
-        }
-
-        boost::asio::io_service& get_io_service()
-        {
-            return raw_socket().get_io_service();
-        }
-
-        template <typename F> 
-        void start(F f)
-        {
-            ssl_socket_->async_handshake(boost::asio::ssl::stream_base::server,
-                    [f](const boost::system::error_code& ec) {
-                        f(ec);
-                    });
-        }
-
-        std::unique_ptr<boost::asio::ssl::stream<tcp::socket>> ssl_socket_;
-    };
-#endif
-}
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <boost/optional.hpp>
-
-namespace crow
-{
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// qs_parse (modified)
-// https://github.com/bartgrantham/qs_parse
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-/*  Similar to strncmp, but handles URL-encoding for either string  */
-int qs_strncmp(const char * s, const char * qs, size_t n);
-
-
-/*  Finds the beginning of each key/value pair and stores a pointer in qs_kv.
- *  Also decodes the value portion of the k/v pair *in-place*.  In a future
- *  enhancement it will also have a compile-time option of sorting qs_kv
- *  alphabetically by key.  */
-int qs_parse(char * qs, char * qs_kv[], int qs_kv_size);
-
-
-/*  Used by qs_parse to decode the value portion of a k/v pair  */
-int qs_decode(char * qs);
-
-
-/*  Looks up the value according to the key on a pre-processed query string
- *  A future enhancement will be a compile-time option to look up the key
- *  in a pre-sorted qs_kv array via a binary search.  */
-//char * qs_k2v(const char * key, char * qs_kv[], int qs_kv_size);
- char * qs_k2v(const char * key, char * const * qs_kv, int qs_kv_size, int nth);
-
-
-/*  Non-destructive lookup of value, based on key.  User provides the
- *  destinaton string and length.  */
-char * qs_scanvalue(const char * key, const char * qs, char * val, size_t val_len);
-
-// TODO: implement sorting of the qs_kv array; for now ensure it's not compiled
-#undef _qsSORTING
-
-// isxdigit _is_ available in <ctype.h>, but let's avoid another header instead
-#define CROW_QS_ISHEX(x)    ((((x)>='0'&&(x)<='9') || ((x)>='A'&&(x)<='F') || ((x)>='a'&&(x)<='f')) ? 1 : 0)
-#define CROW_QS_HEX2DEC(x)  (((x)>='0'&&(x)<='9') ? (x)-48 : ((x)>='A'&&(x)<='F') ? (x)-55 : ((x)>='a'&&(x)<='f') ? (x)-87 : 0)
-#define CROW_QS_ISQSCHR(x) ((((x)=='=')||((x)=='#')||((x)=='&')||((x)=='\0')) ? 0 : 1)
-
-inline int qs_strncmp(const char * s, const char * qs, size_t n)
-{
-    int i=0;
-    unsigned char u1, u2, unyb, lnyb;
-
-    while(n-- > 0)
-    {
-        u1 = (unsigned char) *s++;
-        u2 = (unsigned char) *qs++;
-
-        if ( ! CROW_QS_ISQSCHR(u1) ) {  u1 = '\0';  }
-        if ( ! CROW_QS_ISQSCHR(u2) ) {  u2 = '\0';  }
-
-        if ( u1 == '+' ) {  u1 = ' ';  }
-        if ( u1 == '%' ) // easier/safer than scanf
-        {
-            unyb = (unsigned char) *s++;
-            lnyb = (unsigned char) *s++;
-            if ( CROW_QS_ISHEX(unyb) && CROW_QS_ISHEX(lnyb) )
-                u1 = (CROW_QS_HEX2DEC(unyb) * 16) + CROW_QS_HEX2DEC(lnyb);
-            else
-                u1 = '\0';
-        }
-
-        if ( u2 == '+' ) {  u2 = ' ';  }
-        if ( u2 == '%' ) // easier/safer than scanf
-        {
-            unyb = (unsigned char) *qs++;
-            lnyb = (unsigned char) *qs++;
-            if ( CROW_QS_ISHEX(unyb) && CROW_QS_ISHEX(lnyb) )
-                u2 = (CROW_QS_HEX2DEC(unyb) * 16) + CROW_QS_HEX2DEC(lnyb);
-            else
-                u2 = '\0';
-        }
-
-        if ( u1 != u2 )
-            return u1 - u2;
-        if ( u1 == '\0' )
-            return 0;
-        i++;
-    }
-    if ( CROW_QS_ISQSCHR(*qs) )
-        return -1;
-    else
-        return 0;
-}
-
-
-inline int qs_parse(char * qs, char * qs_kv[], int qs_kv_size)
-{
-    int i, j;
-    char * substr_ptr;
-
-    for(i=0; i<qs_kv_size; i++)  qs_kv[i] = NULL;
-
-    // find the beginning of the k/v substrings or the fragment
-    substr_ptr = qs + strcspn(qs, "?#");
-    if (substr_ptr[0] != '\0')
-        substr_ptr++;
-    else
-        return 0; // no query or fragment
-
-    i=0;
-    while(i<qs_kv_size)
-    {
-        qs_kv[i] = substr_ptr;
-        j = strcspn(substr_ptr, "&");
-        if ( substr_ptr[j] == '\0' ) {  break;  }
-        substr_ptr += j + 1;
-        i++;
-    }
-    i++;  // x &'s -> means x iterations of this loop -> means *x+1* k/v pairs
-
-    // we only decode the values in place, the keys could have '='s in them
-    // which will hose our ability to distinguish keys from values later
-    for(j=0; j<i; j++)
-    {
-        substr_ptr = qs_kv[j] + strcspn(qs_kv[j], "=&#");
-        if ( substr_ptr[0] == '&' || substr_ptr[0] == '\0')  // blank value: skip decoding
-            substr_ptr[0] = '\0';
-        else
-            qs_decode(++substr_ptr);
-    }
-
-#ifdef _qsSORTING
-// TODO: qsort qs_kv, using qs_strncmp() for the comparison
-#endif
-
-    return i;
-}
-
-
-inline int qs_decode(char * qs)
-{
-    int i=0, j=0;
-
-    while( CROW_QS_ISQSCHR(qs[j]) )
-    {
-        if ( qs[j] == '+' ) {  qs[i] = ' ';  }
-        else if ( qs[j] == '%' ) // easier/safer than scanf
-        {
-            if ( ! CROW_QS_ISHEX(qs[j+1]) || ! CROW_QS_ISHEX(qs[j+2]) )
-            {
-                qs[i] = '\0';
-                return i;
-            }
-            qs[i] = (CROW_QS_HEX2DEC(qs[j+1]) * 16) + CROW_QS_HEX2DEC(qs[j+2]);
-            j+=2;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            qs[i] = qs[j];
-        }
-        i++;  j++;
-    }
-    qs[i] = '\0';
-
-    return i;
-}
-
-
-inline char * qs_k2v(const char * key, char * const * qs_kv, int qs_kv_size, int nth = 0)
-{
-    int i;
-    size_t key_len, skip;
-
-    key_len = strlen(key);
-
-#ifdef _qsSORTING
-// TODO: binary search for key in the sorted qs_kv
-#else  // _qsSORTING
-    for(i=0; i<qs_kv_size; i++)
-    {
-        // we rely on the unambiguous '=' to find the value in our k/v pair
-        if ( qs_strncmp(key, qs_kv[i], key_len) == 0 )
-        {
-            skip = strcspn(qs_kv[i], "=");
-            if ( qs_kv[i][skip] == '=' )
-                skip++;
-            // return (zero-char value) ? ptr to trailing '\0' : ptr to value
-            if(nth == 0)
-                return qs_kv[i] + skip;
-            else 
-                --nth;
-        }
-    }
-#endif  // _qsSORTING
-
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-inline boost::optional<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> qs_dict_name2kv(const char * dict_name, char * const * qs_kv, int qs_kv_size, int nth = 0)
-{
-    int i;
-    size_t name_len, skip;
-
-    name_len = strlen(dict_name) + 1;
-
-#ifdef _qsSORTING
-// TODO: binary search for key in the sorted qs_kv
-#else  // _qsSORTING
-    for(i=0; i<qs_kv_size; i++)
-    {
-        // we rely on the unambiguous '=' to find the value in our k/v pair
-        if ( qs_strncmp(dict_name, qs_kv[i], name_len) == 0)
-        {
-            skip = strcspn(qs_kv[i], "=");
-            if ( qs_kv[i][skip] == '=' )
-                skip++;
-            // return (zero-char value) ? ptr to trailing '\0' : ptr to value
-            if(nth == 0)
-                return boost::make_optional(std::make_pair(std::string(qs_kv[i] + 1), 
-                                                           std::string(qs_kv[i] + skip)));
-            else 
-                --nth;
-        }
-    }
-#endif  // _qsSORTING
-
-    return boost::none;
-}
-
-
-inline char * qs_scanvalue(const char * key, const char * qs, char * val, size_t val_len)
-{
-    size_t i, key_len;
-    const char * tmp;
-
-    // find the beginning of the k/v substrings
-    if ( (tmp = strchr(qs, '?')) != NULL )
-        qs = tmp + 1;
-
-    key_len = strlen(key);
-    while(qs[0] != '#' && qs[0] != '\0')
-    {
-        if ( qs_strncmp(key, qs, key_len) == 0 )
-            break;
-        qs += strcspn(qs, "&") + 1;
-    }
-
-    if ( qs[0] == '\0' ) return NULL;
-
-    qs += strcspn(qs, "=&#");
-    if ( qs[0] == '=' )
-    {
-        qs++;
-        i = strcspn(qs, "&=#");
-        strncpy(val, qs, (val_len-1)<(i+1) ? (val_len-1) : (i+1));
-        qs_decode(val);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if ( val_len > 0 )
-            val[0] = '\0';
-    }
-
-    return val;
-}
-}
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-namespace crow 
-{
-    class query_string
-    {
-    public:
-        static const int MAX_KEY_VALUE_PAIRS_COUNT = 256;
-
-        query_string()
-        {
-
-        }
-
-        query_string(const query_string& qs)
-            : url_(qs.url_)
-        {
-            for(auto p:qs.key_value_pairs_)
-            {
-                key_value_pairs_.push_back((char*)(p-qs.url_.c_str()+url_.c_str()));
-            }
-        }
-
-        query_string& operator = (const query_string& qs)
-        {
-            url_ = qs.url_;
-            key_value_pairs_.clear();
-            for(auto p:qs.key_value_pairs_)
-            {
-                key_value_pairs_.push_back((char*)(p-qs.url_.c_str()+url_.c_str()));
-            }
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        query_string& operator = (query_string&& qs)
-        {
-            key_value_pairs_ = std::move(qs.key_value_pairs_);
-            char* old_data = (char*)qs.url_.c_str();
-            url_ = std::move(qs.url_);
-            for(auto& p:key_value_pairs_)
-            {
-                p += (char*)url_.c_str() - old_data;
-            }
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-
-        query_string(std::string url)
-            : url_(std::move(url))
-        {
-            if (url_.empty())
-                return;
-
-            key_value_pairs_.resize(MAX_KEY_VALUE_PAIRS_COUNT);
-
-            int count = qs_parse(&url_[0], &key_value_pairs_[0], MAX_KEY_VALUE_PAIRS_COUNT);
-            key_value_pairs_.resize(count);
-        }
-
-        void clear() 
-        {
-            key_value_pairs_.clear();
-            url_.clear();
-        }
-
-        friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const query_string& qs)
-        {
-            os << "[ ";
-            for(size_t i = 0; i < qs.key_value_pairs_.size(); ++i) {
-                if (i)
-                    os << ", ";
-                os << qs.key_value_pairs_[i];
-            }
-            os << " ]";
-            return os;
-
-        }
-
-        char* get (const std::string& name) const
-        {
-            char* ret = qs_k2v(name.c_str(), key_value_pairs_.data(), key_value_pairs_.size());
-            return ret;
-        }
-
-        std::vector<char*> get_list (const std::string& name) const
-        {
-            std::vector<char*> ret;
-            std::string plus = name + "[]";            
-            char* element = nullptr;
-
-            int count = 0;
-            while(1)
-            {
-                element = qs_k2v(plus.c_str(), key_value_pairs_.data(), key_value_pairs_.size(), count++);
-                if (!element)
-                    break;
-                ret.push_back(element);
-            }
-            return ret;
-        }
-
-
-        std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> get_dict (const std::string& name) const
-        {
-            std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> ret;
-
-            int count = 0;
-            while(1)
-            {
-                if (auto element = qs_dict_name2kv(name.c_str(), key_value_pairs_.data(), key_value_pairs_.size(), count++))
-                    ret.push_back(*element);
-                else
-                    break;
-            }
-            return ret;
-        }
-
-
-
-
-
-    private:
-        std::string url_;
-        std::vector<char*> key_value_pairs_;
-    };
-
-} // end namespace
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <string>
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <ctime>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <sstream>
-
-
-
-
-namespace crow
-{
-    enum class LogLevel
-    {
-#ifndef ERROR
-        DEBUG = 0,
-        INFO,
-        WARNING,
-        ERROR,
-        CRITICAL,
-#endif
-
-        Debug = 0,
-        Info,
-        Warning,
-        Error,
-        Critical,
-    };
-
-    class ILogHandler {
-        public:
-            virtual void log(std::string message, LogLevel level) = 0;
-    };
-
-    class CerrLogHandler : public ILogHandler {
-        public:
-            void log(std::string message, LogLevel /*level*/) override {
-                std::cerr << message;
-            }
-    };
-
-    class logger {
-
-        private:
-            //
-            static std::string timestamp()
-            {
-                char date[32];
-                time_t t = time(0);
-
-                tm my_tm;
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-                gmtime_s(&my_tm, &t);
-#else
-                gmtime_r(&t, &my_tm);
-#endif
-
-                size_t sz = strftime(date, sizeof(date), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", &my_tm);
-                return std::string(date, date+sz);
-            }
-
-        public:
-
-
-            logger(std::string prefix, LogLevel level) : level_(level) {
-    #ifdef CROW_ENABLE_LOGGING
-                    stringstream_ << "(" << timestamp() << ") [" << prefix << "] ";
-    #endif
-
-            }
-            ~logger() {
-    #ifdef CROW_ENABLE_LOGGING
-                if(level_ >= get_current_log_level()) {
-                    stringstream_ << std::endl;
-                    get_handler_ref()->log(stringstream_.str(), level_);
-                }
-    #endif
-            }
-
-            //
-            template <typename T>
-            logger& operator<<(T const &value) {
-
-    #ifdef CROW_ENABLE_LOGGING
-                if(level_ >= get_current_log_level()) {
-                    stringstream_ << value;
-                }
-    #endif
-                return *this;
-            }
-
-            //
-            static void setLogLevel(LogLevel level) {
-                get_log_level_ref() = level;
-            }
-
-            static void setHandler(ILogHandler* handler) {
-                get_handler_ref() = handler;
-            }
-
-            static LogLevel get_current_log_level() {
-                return get_log_level_ref();
-            }
-
-        private:
-            //
-            static LogLevel& get_log_level_ref()
-            {
-                static LogLevel current_level = (LogLevel)CROW_LOG_LEVEL;
-                return current_level;
-            }
-            static ILogHandler*& get_handler_ref()
-            {
-                static CerrLogHandler default_handler;
-                static ILogHandler* current_handler = &default_handler;
-                return current_handler;
-            }
-
-            //
-            std::ostringstream stringstream_;
-            LogLevel level_;
-    };
-}
-
-#define CROW_LOG_CRITICAL   \
-        if (crow::logger::get_current_log_level() <= crow::LogLevel::Critical) \
-            crow::logger("CRITICAL", crow::LogLevel::Critical)
-#define CROW_LOG_ERROR      \
-        if (crow::logger::get_current_log_level() <= crow::LogLevel::Error) \
-            crow::logger("ERROR   ", crow::LogLevel::Error)
-#define CROW_LOG_WARNING    \
-        if (crow::logger::get_current_log_level() <= crow::LogLevel::Warning) \
-            crow::logger("WARNING ", crow::LogLevel::Warning)
-#define CROW_LOG_INFO       \
-        if (crow::logger::get_current_log_level() <= crow::LogLevel::Info) \
-            crow::logger("INFO    ", crow::LogLevel::Info)
-#define CROW_LOG_DEBUG      \
-        if (crow::logger::get_current_log_level() <= crow::LogLevel::Debug) \
-            crow::logger("DEBUG   ", crow::LogLevel::Debug)
-
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-
-//#define CROW_JSON_NO_ERROR_CHECK
-
-#include <string>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <memory>
-#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
-#include <boost/algorithm/string/predicate.hpp>
-#include <boost/operators.hpp>
-#include <vector>
-
-
-
-
-#if defined(__GNUG__) || defined(__clang__)
-#define crow_json_likely(x) __builtin_expect(x, 1)
-#define crow_json_unlikely(x) __builtin_expect(x, 0)
-#else
-#define crow_json_likely(x) x
-#define crow_json_unlikely(x) x
-#endif
-
-
-namespace crow
-{
-    namespace mustache
-    {
-        class template_t;
-    }
-
-    namespace json
-    {
-        inline void escape(const std::string& str, std::string& ret)
-        {
-            ret.reserve(ret.size() + str.size()+str.size()/4);
-            for(char c:str)
-            {
-                switch(c)
-                {
-                    case '"': ret += "\\\""; break;
-                    case '\\': ret += "\\\\"; break;
-                    case '\n': ret += "\\n"; break;
-                    case '\b': ret += "\\b"; break;
-                    case '\f': ret += "\\f"; break;
-                    case '\r': ret += "\\r"; break;
-                    case '\t': ret += "\\t"; break;
-                    default:
-                        if (0 <= c && c < 0x20)
-                        {
-                            ret += "\\u00";
-                            auto to_hex = [](char c)
-                            {
-                                c = c&0xf;
-                                if (c < 10)
-                                    return '0' + c;
-                                return 'a'+c-10;
-                            };
-                            ret += to_hex(c/16);
-                            ret += to_hex(c%16);
-                        }
-                        else
-                            ret += c;
-                        break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        inline std::string escape(const std::string& str)
-        {
-            std::string ret;
-            escape(str, ret);
-            return ret;
-        }
-
-        enum class type : char
-        {
-            Null,
-            False,
-            True,
-            Number,
-            String,
-            List,
-            Object,
-        };
-
-        inline const char* get_type_str(type t) {
-            switch(t){
-                case type::Number: return "Number";
-                case type::False: return "False";
-                case type::True: return "True";
-                case type::List: return "List";
-                case type::String: return "String";
-                case type::Object: return "Object";
-                default: return "Unknown";
-            }
-        }
-
-        class rvalue;
-        rvalue load(const char* data, size_t size);
-
-        namespace detail 
-        {
-
-            struct r_string 
-                : boost::less_than_comparable<r_string>,
-                boost::less_than_comparable<r_string, std::string>,
-                boost::equality_comparable<r_string>,
-                boost::equality_comparable<r_string, std::string>
-            {
-                r_string() {};
-                r_string(char* s, char* e)
-                    : s_(s), e_(e)
-                {};
-                ~r_string()
-                {
-                    if (owned_)
-                        delete[] s_;
-                }
-
-                r_string(const r_string& r)
-                {
-                    *this = r;
-                }
-
-                r_string(r_string&& r)
-                {
-                    *this = r;
-                }
-
-                r_string& operator = (r_string&& r)
-                {
-                    s_ = r.s_;
-                    e_ = r.e_;
-                    owned_ = r.owned_;
-                    if (r.owned_)
-                        r.owned_ = 0;
-                    return *this;
-                }
-
-                r_string& operator = (const r_string& r)
-                {
-                    s_ = r.s_;
-                    e_ = r.e_;
-                    owned_ = 0;
-                    return *this;
-                }
-
-                operator std::string () const
-                {
-                    return std::string(s_, e_);
-                }
-
-
-                const char* begin() const { return s_; }
-                const char* end() const { return e_; }
-                size_t size() const { return end() - begin(); }
-
-                using iterator = const char*;
-                using const_iterator = const char*;
-
-                char* s_;
-                mutable char* e_;
-                uint8_t owned_{0};
-                friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& os, const r_string& s)
-                {
-                    os << (std::string)s;
-                    return os;
-                }
-            private:
-                void force(char* s, uint32_t /*length*/)
-                {
-                    s_ = s;
-                    owned_ = 1;
-                }
-                friend rvalue crow::json::load(const char* data, size_t size);
-            };
-
-            inline bool operator < (const r_string& l, const r_string& r)
-            {
-                return boost::lexicographical_compare(l,r);
-            }
-
-            inline bool operator < (const r_string& l, const std::string& r)
-            {
-                return boost::lexicographical_compare(l,r);
-            }
-
-            inline bool operator > (const r_string& l, const std::string& r)
-            {
-                return boost::lexicographical_compare(r,l);
-            }
-
-            inline bool operator == (const r_string& l, const r_string& r)
-            {
-                return boost::equals(l,r);
-            }
-
-            inline bool operator == (const r_string& l, const std::string& r)
-            {
-                return boost::equals(l,r);
-            }
-        }
-
-        class rvalue
-        {
-            static const int cached_bit = 2;
-            static const int error_bit = 4;
-        public:
-            rvalue() noexcept : option_{error_bit} 
-            {}
-            rvalue(type t) noexcept
-                : lsize_{}, lremain_{}, t_{t}
-            {}
-            rvalue(type t, char* s, char* e)  noexcept
-                : start_{s},
-                end_{e},
-                t_{t}
-            {}
-
-            rvalue(const rvalue& r)
-            : start_(r.start_),
-                end_(r.end_),
-                key_(r.key_),
-                t_(r.t_),
-                option_(r.option_)
-            {
-                copy_l(r);
-            }
-
-            rvalue(rvalue&& r) noexcept
-            {
-                *this = std::move(r);
-            }
-
-            rvalue& operator = (const rvalue& r)
-            {
-                start_ = r.start_;
-                end_ = r.end_;
-                key_ = r.key_;
-                copy_l(r);
-                t_ = r.t_;
-                option_ = r.option_;
-                return *this;
-            }
-            rvalue& operator = (rvalue&& r) noexcept
-            {
-                start_ = r.start_;
-                end_ = r.end_;
-                key_ = std::move(r.key_);
-                l_ = std::move(r.l_);
-                lsize_ = r.lsize_;
-                lremain_ = r.lremain_;
-                t_ = r.t_;
-                option_ = r.option_;
-                return *this;
-            }
-
-            explicit operator bool() const noexcept
-            {
-                return (option_ & error_bit) == 0;
-            }
-
-            explicit operator int64_t() const
-            {
-                return i();
-            }
-
-            explicit operator uint64_t() const
-            {
-                return u();
-            }
-
-            explicit operator int() const
-            {
-                return (int)i();
-            }
-
-            type t() const
-            {
-#ifndef CROW_JSON_NO_ERROR_CHECK
-                if (option_ & error_bit)
-                {
-                    throw std::runtime_error("invalid json object");
-                }
-#endif
-                return t_;
-            }
-
-            int64_t i() const
-            {
-#ifndef CROW_JSON_NO_ERROR_CHECK
-                switch (t()) {
-                    case type::Number:
-                    case type::String:
-                        return boost::lexical_cast<int64_t>(start_, end_-start_);
-                    default:
-                        const std::string msg = "expected number, got: "
-                            + std::string(get_type_str(t()));
-                        throw std::runtime_error(msg);
-                }
-#endif
-                return boost::lexical_cast<int64_t>(start_, end_-start_);
-            }
-
-            uint64_t u() const
-            {
-#ifndef CROW_JSON_NO_ERROR_CHECK
-                switch (t()) {
-                    case type::Number:
-                    case type::String:
-                        return boost::lexical_cast<uint64_t>(start_, end_-start_);
-                    default:
-                        throw std::runtime_error(std::string("expected number, got: ") + get_type_str(t()));
-                }
-#endif
-                return boost::lexical_cast<uint64_t>(start_, end_-start_);
-            }
-
-            double d() const
-            {
-#ifndef CROW_JSON_NO_ERROR_CHECK
-                if (t() != type::Number)
-                    throw std::runtime_error("value is not number");
-#endif
-                return boost::lexical_cast<double>(start_, end_-start_);
-            }
-
-            bool b() const
-            {
-#ifndef CROW_JSON_NO_ERROR_CHECK
-                if (t() != type::True && t() != type::False)
-                    throw std::runtime_error("value is not boolean");
-#endif
-                return t() == type::True;
-            }
-
-            void unescape() const
-            {
-                if (*(start_-1))
-                {
-                    char* head = start_;
-                    char* tail = start_;
-                    while(head != end_)
-                    {
-                        if (*head == '\\')
-                        {
-                            switch(*++head)
-                            {
-                                case '"':  *tail++ = '"'; break;
-                                case '\\': *tail++ = '\\'; break;
-                                case '/':  *tail++ = '/'; break;
-                                case 'b':  *tail++ = '\b'; break;
-                                case 'f':  *tail++ = '\f'; break;
-                                case 'n':  *tail++ = '\n'; break;
-                                case 'r':  *tail++ = '\r'; break;
-                                case 't':  *tail++ = '\t'; break;
-                                case 'u':
-                                    {
-                                        auto from_hex = [](char c)
-                                        {
-                                            if (c >= 'a')
-                                                return c - 'a' + 10;
-                                            if (c >= 'A')
-                                                return c - 'A' + 10;
-                                            return c - '0';
-                                        };
-                                        unsigned int code = 
-                                            (from_hex(head[1])<<12) + 
-                                            (from_hex(head[2])<< 8) + 
-                                            (from_hex(head[3])<< 4) + 
-                                            from_hex(head[4]);
-                                        if (code >= 0x800)
-                                        {
-                                            *tail++ = 0xE0 | (code >> 12);
-                                            *tail++ = 0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F);
-                                            *tail++ = 0x80 | (code & 0x3F);
-                                        }
-                                        else if (code >= 0x80)
-                                        {
-                                            *tail++ = 0xC0 | (code >> 6);
-                                            *tail++ = 0x80 | (code & 0x3F);
-                                        }
-                                        else
-                                        {
-                                            *tail++ = code;
-                                        }
-                                        head += 4;
-                                    }
-                                    break;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        else
-                            *tail++ = *head;
-                        head++;
-                    }
-                    end_ = tail;
-                    *end_ = 0;
-                    *(start_-1) = 0;
-                }
-            }
-
-            detail::r_string s() const
-            {
-#ifndef CROW_JSON_NO_ERROR_CHECK
-                if (t() != type::String)
-                    throw std::runtime_error("value is not string");
-#endif
-                unescape();
-                return detail::r_string{start_, end_};
-            }
-
-            bool has(const char* str) const
-            {
-                return has(std::string(str));
-            }
-
-            bool has(const std::string& str) const
-            {
-                struct Pred 
-                {
-                    bool operator()(const rvalue& l, const rvalue& r) const
-                    {
-                        return l.key_ < r.key_;
-                    };
-                    bool operator()(const rvalue& l, const std::string& r) const
-                    {
-                        return l.key_ < r;
-                    };
-                    bool operator()(const std::string& l, const rvalue& r) const
-                    {
-                        return l < r.key_;
-                    };
-                };
-                if (!is_cached())
-                {
-                    std::sort(begin(), end(), Pred());
-                    set_cached();
-                }
-                auto it = lower_bound(begin(), end(), str, Pred());
-                return it != end() && it->key_ == str;
-            }
-
-            int count(const std::string& str)
-            {
-                return has(str) ? 1 : 0;
-            }
-
-            rvalue* begin() const 
-            { 
-#ifndef CROW_JSON_NO_ERROR_CHECK
-                if (t() != type::Object && t() != type::List)
-                    throw std::runtime_error("value is not a container");
-#endif
-                return l_.get(); 
-            }
-            rvalue* end() const 
-            { 
-#ifndef CROW_JSON_NO_ERROR_CHECK
-                if (t() != type::Object && t() != type::List)
-                    throw std::runtime_error("value is not a container");
-#endif
-                return l_.get()+lsize_; 
-            }
-
-            const detail::r_string& key() const
-            {
-                return key_;
-            }
-
-            size_t size() const
-            {
-                if (t() == type::String)
-                    return s().size();
-#ifndef CROW_JSON_NO_ERROR_CHECK
-                if (t() != type::Object && t() != type::List)
-                    throw std::runtime_error("value is not a container");
-#endif
-                return lsize_;
-            }
-
-            const rvalue& operator[](int index) const
-            {
-#ifndef CROW_JSON_NO_ERROR_CHECK
-                if (t() != type::List)
-                    throw std::runtime_error("value is not a list");
-                if (index >= (int)lsize_ || index < 0)
-                    throw std::runtime_error("list out of bound");
-#endif
-                return l_[index];
-            }
-
-            const rvalue& operator[](size_t index) const
-            {
-#ifndef CROW_JSON_NO_ERROR_CHECK
-                if (t() != type::List)
-                    throw std::runtime_error("value is not a list");
-                if (index >= lsize_)
-                    throw std::runtime_error("list out of bound");
-#endif
-                return l_[index];
-            }
-
-            const rvalue& operator[](const char* str) const
-            {
-                return this->operator[](std::string(str));
-            }
-
-            const rvalue& operator[](const std::string& str) const
-            {
-#ifndef CROW_JSON_NO_ERROR_CHECK
-                if (t() != type::Object)
-                    throw std::runtime_error("value is not an object");
-#endif
-                struct Pred 
-                {
-                    bool operator()(const rvalue& l, const rvalue& r) const
-                    {
-                        return l.key_ < r.key_;
-                    };
-                    bool operator()(const rvalue& l, const std::string& r) const
-                    {
-                        return l.key_ < r;
-                    };
-                    bool operator()(const std::string& l, const rvalue& r) const
-                    {
-                        return l < r.key_;
-                    };
-                };
-                if (!is_cached())
-                {
-                    std::sort(begin(), end(), Pred());
-                    set_cached();
-                }
-                auto it = lower_bound(begin(), end(), str, Pred());
-                if (it != end() && it->key_ == str)
-                    return *it;
-#ifndef CROW_JSON_NO_ERROR_CHECK
-                throw std::runtime_error("cannot find key");
-#else
-                static rvalue nullValue;
-                return nullValue;
-#endif
-            }
-
-            void set_error()
-            {
-                option_|=error_bit;
-            }
-
-            bool error() const
-            {
-                return (option_&error_bit)!=0;
-            }
-        private:
-            bool is_cached() const
-            {
-                return (option_&cached_bit)!=0;
-            }
-            void set_cached() const
-            {
-                option_ |= cached_bit;
-            }
-            void copy_l(const rvalue& r)
-            {
-                if (r.t() != type::Object && r.t() != type::List)
-                    return;
-                lsize_ = r.lsize_;
-                lremain_ = 0;
-                l_.reset(new rvalue[lsize_]);
-                std::copy(r.begin(), r.end(), begin());
-            }
-
-            void emplace_back(rvalue&& v)
-            {
-                if (!lremain_)
-                {
-                    int new_size = lsize_ + lsize_;
-                    if (new_size - lsize_ > 60000)
-                        new_size = lsize_ + 60000;
-                    if (new_size < 4)
-                        new_size = 4;
-                    rvalue* p = new rvalue[new_size];
-                    rvalue* p2 = p;
-                    for(auto& x : *this)
-                        *p2++ = std::move(x);
-                    l_.reset(p);
-                    lremain_ = new_size - lsize_;
-                }
-                l_[lsize_++] = std::move(v);
-                lremain_ --;
-            }
-
-            mutable char* start_;
-            mutable char* end_;
-            detail::r_string key_;
-            std::unique_ptr<rvalue[]> l_;
-            uint32_t lsize_;
-            uint16_t lremain_;
-            type t_;
-            mutable uint8_t option_{0};
-
-            friend rvalue load_nocopy_internal(char* data, size_t size);
-            friend rvalue load(const char* data, size_t size);
-            friend std::ostream& operator <<(std::ostream& os, const rvalue& r)
-            {
-                switch(r.t_)
-                {
-
-                case type::Null: os << "null"; break;
-                case type::False: os << "false"; break;
-                case type::True: os << "true"; break;
-                case type::Number: os << r.d(); break;
-                case type::String: os << '"' << r.s() << '"'; break;
-                case type::List: 
-                    {
-                        os << '['; 
-                        bool first = true;
-                        for(auto& x : r)
-                        {
-                            if (!first)
-                                os << ',';
-                            first = false;
-                            os << x;
-                        }
-                        os << ']'; 
-                    }
-                    break;
-                case type::Object:
-                    {
-                        os << '{'; 
-                        bool first = true;
-                        for(auto& x : r)
-                        {
-                            if (!first)
-                                os << ',';
-                            os << '"' << escape(x.key_) << "\":";
-                            first = false;
-                            os << x;
-                        }
-                        os << '}'; 
-                    }
-                    break;
-                }
-                return os;
-            }
-        };
-        namespace detail {
-        }
-
-        inline bool operator == (const rvalue& l, const std::string& r)
-        {
-            return l.s() == r;
-        }
-
-        inline bool operator == (const std::string& l, const rvalue& r)
-        {
-            return l == r.s();
-        }
-
-        inline bool operator != (const rvalue& l, const std::string& r)
-        {
-            return l.s() != r;
-        }
-
-        inline bool operator != (const std::string& l, const rvalue& r)
-        {
-            return l != r.s();
-        }
-
-        inline bool operator == (const rvalue& l, double r)
-        {
-            return l.d() == r;
-        }
-
-        inline bool operator == (double l, const rvalue& r)
-        {
-            return l == r.d();
-        }
-
-        inline bool operator != (const rvalue& l, double r)
-        {
-            return l.d() != r;
-        }
-
-        inline bool operator != (double l, const rvalue& r)
-        {
-            return l != r.d();
-        }
-
-
-        inline rvalue load_nocopy_internal(char* data, size_t size)
-        {
-            //static const char* escaped = "\"\\/\b\f\n\r\t";
-            struct Parser
-            {
-                Parser(char* data, size_t /*size*/)
-                    : data(data)
-                {
-                }
-
-                bool consume(char c)
-                {
-                    if (crow_json_unlikely(*data != c))
-                        return false;
-                    data++;
-                    return true;
-                }
-
-                void ws_skip()
-                {
-                    while(*data == ' ' || *data == '\t' || *data == '\r' || *data == '\n') ++data;
-                };
-
-                rvalue decode_string()
-                {
-                    if (crow_json_unlikely(!consume('"')))
-                        return {};
-                    char* start = data;
-                    uint8_t has_escaping = 0;
-                    while(1)
-                    {
-                        if (crow_json_likely(*data != '"' && *data != '\\' && *data != '\0'))
-                        {
-                            data ++;
-                        }
-                        else if (*data == '"')
-                        {
-                            *data = 0;
-                            *(start-1) = has_escaping;
-                            data++;
-                            return {type::String, start, data-1};
-                        }
-                        else if (*data == '\\')
-                        {
-                            has_escaping = 1;
-                            data++;
-                            switch(*data)
-                            {
-                                case 'u':
-                                    {
-                                        auto check = [](char c)
-                                        {
-                                            return 
-                                                ('0' <= c && c <= '9') ||
-                                                ('a' <= c && c <= 'f') ||
-                                                ('A' <= c && c <= 'F');
-                                        };
-                                        if (!(check(*(data+1)) && 
-                                            check(*(data+2)) && 
-                                            check(*(data+3)) && 
-                                            check(*(data+4))))
-                                            return {};
-                                    }
-                                    data += 5;
-                                    break;
-                                case '"':
-                                case '\\':
-                                case '/':
-                                case 'b':
-                                case 'f':
-                                case 'n':
-                                case 'r':
-                                case 't':
-                                    data ++;
-                                    break;
-                                default:
-                                    return {};
-                            }
-                        }
-                        else
-                            return {};
-                    }
-                    return {};
-                }
-
-                rvalue decode_list()
-                {
-                    rvalue ret(type::List);
-                    if (crow_json_unlikely(!consume('[')))
-                    {
-                        ret.set_error();
-                        return ret;
-                    }
-                    ws_skip();
-                    if (crow_json_unlikely(*data == ']'))
-                    {
-                        data++;
-                        return ret;
-                    }
-
-                    while(1)
-                    {
-                        auto v = decode_value();
-                        if (crow_json_unlikely(!v))
-                        {
-                            ret.set_error();
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        ws_skip();
-                        ret.emplace_back(std::move(v));
-                        if (*data == ']')
-                        {
-                            data++;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        if (crow_json_unlikely(!consume(',')))
-                        {
-                            ret.set_error();
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        ws_skip();
-                    }
-                    return ret;
-                }
-
-                rvalue decode_number()
-                {
-                    char* start = data;
-
-                    enum NumberParsingState
-                    {
-                        Minus,
-                        AfterMinus,
-                        ZeroFirst,
-                        Digits,
-                        DigitsAfterPoints,
-                        E,
-                        DigitsAfterE,
-                        Invalid,
-                    } state{Minus};
-                    while(crow_json_likely(state != Invalid))
-                    {
-                        switch(*data)
-                        {
-                            case '0':
-                                state = (NumberParsingState)"\2\2\7\3\4\6\6"[state];
-                                /*if (state == NumberParsingState::Minus || state == NumberParsingState::AfterMinus)
-                                {
-                                    state = NumberParsingState::ZeroFirst;
-                                }
-                                else if (state == NumberParsingState::Digits || 
-                                    state == NumberParsingState::DigitsAfterE || 
-                                    state == NumberParsingState::DigitsAfterPoints)
-                                {
-                                    // ok; pass
-                                }
-                                else if (state == NumberParsingState::E)
-                                {
-                                    state = NumberParsingState::DigitsAfterE;
-                                }
-                                else
-                                    return {};*/
-                                break;
-                            case '1': case '2': case '3': 
-                            case '4': case '5': case '6': 
-                            case '7': case '8': case '9':
-                                state = (NumberParsingState)"\3\3\7\3\4\6\6"[state];
-                                while(*(data+1) >= '0' && *(data+1) <= '9') data++;
-                                /*if (state == NumberParsingState::Minus || state == NumberParsingState::AfterMinus)
-                                {
-                                    state = NumberParsingState::Digits;
-                                }
-                                else if (state == NumberParsingState::Digits || 
-                                    state == NumberParsingState::DigitsAfterE || 
-                                    state == NumberParsingState::DigitsAfterPoints)
-                                {
-                                    // ok; pass
-                                }
-                                else if (state == NumberParsingState::E)
-                                {
-                                    state = NumberParsingState::DigitsAfterE;
-                                }
-                                else
-                                    return {};*/
-                                break;
-                            case '.':
-                                state = (NumberParsingState)"\7\7\4\4\7\7\7"[state];
-                                /*
-                                if (state == NumberParsingState::Digits || state == NumberParsingState::ZeroFirst)
-                                {
-                                    state = NumberParsingState::DigitsAfterPoints;
-                                }
-                                else
-                                    return {};
-                                */
-                                break;
-                            case '-':
-                                state = (NumberParsingState)"\1\7\7\7\7\6\7"[state];
-                                /*if (state == NumberParsingState::Minus)
-                                {
-                                    state = NumberParsingState::AfterMinus;
-                                }
-                                else if (state == NumberParsingState::E)
-                                {
-                                    state = NumberParsingState::DigitsAfterE;
-                                }
-                                else
-                                    return {};*/
-                                break;
-                            case '+':
-                                state = (NumberParsingState)"\7\7\7\7\7\6\7"[state];
-                                /*if (state == NumberParsingState::E)
-                                {
-                                    state = NumberParsingState::DigitsAfterE;
-                                }
-                                else
-                                    return {};*/
-                                break;
-                            case 'e': case 'E':
-                                state = (NumberParsingState)"\7\7\7\5\5\7\7"[state];
-                                /*if (state == NumberParsingState::Digits || 
-                                    state == NumberParsingState::DigitsAfterPoints)
-                                {
-                                    state = NumberParsingState::E;
-                                }
-                                else 
-                                    return {};*/
-                                break;
-                            default:
-                                if (crow_json_likely(state == NumberParsingState::ZeroFirst || 
-                                        state == NumberParsingState::Digits || 
-                                        state == NumberParsingState::DigitsAfterPoints || 
-                                        state == NumberParsingState::DigitsAfterE))
-                                    return {type::Number, start, data};
-                                else
-                                    return {};
-                        }
-                        data++;
-                    }
-
-                    return {};
-                }
-
-                rvalue decode_value()
-                {
-                    switch(*data)
-                    {
-                        case '[':
-                            return decode_list();
-                        case '{':
-                            return decode_object();
-                        case '"':
-                            return decode_string();
-                        case 't':
-                            if (//e-data >= 4 &&
-                                    data[1] == 'r' &&
-                                    data[2] == 'u' &&
-                                    data[3] == 'e')
-                            {
-                                data += 4;
-                                return {type::True};
-                            }
-                            else
-                                return {};
-                        case 'f':
-                            if (//e-data >= 5 &&
-                                    data[1] == 'a' &&
-                                    data[2] == 'l' &&
-                                    data[3] == 's' &&
-                                    data[4] == 'e')
-                            {
-                                data += 5;
-                                return {type::False};
-                            }
-                            else
-                                return {};
-                        case 'n':
-                            if (//e-data >= 4 &&
-                                    data[1] == 'u' &&
-                                    data[2] == 'l' &&
-                                    data[3] == 'l')
-                            {
-                                data += 4;
-                                return {type::Null};
-                            }
-                            else
-                                return {};
-                        //case '1': case '2': case '3': 
-                        //case '4': case '5': case '6': 
-                        //case '7': case '8': case '9':
-                        //case '0': case '-':
-                        default:
-                            return decode_number();
-                    }
-                    return {};
-                }
-
-                rvalue decode_object()
-                {
-                    rvalue ret(type::Object);
-                    if (crow_json_unlikely(!consume('{')))
-                    {
-                        ret.set_error();
-                        return ret;
-                    }
-
-                    ws_skip();
-
-                    if (crow_json_unlikely(*data == '}'))
-                    {
-                        data++;
-                        return ret;
-                    }
-
-                    while(1)
-                    {
-                        auto t = decode_string();
-                        if (crow_json_unlikely(!t))
-                        {
-                            ret.set_error();
-                            break;
-                        }
-
-                        ws_skip();
-                        if (crow_json_unlikely(!consume(':')))
-                        {
-                            ret.set_error();
-                            break;
-                        }
-
-                        // TODO caching key to speed up (flyweight?)
-                        auto key = t.s();
-
-                        ws_skip();
-                        auto v = decode_value();
-                        if (crow_json_unlikely(!v))
-                        {
-                            ret.set_error();
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        ws_skip();
-
-                        v.key_ = std::move(key);
-                        ret.emplace_back(std::move(v));
-                        if (crow_json_unlikely(*data == '}'))
-                        {
-                            data++;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        if (crow_json_unlikely(!consume(',')))
-                        {
-                            ret.set_error();
-                            break;
-                        }
-                        ws_skip();
-                    }
-                    return ret;
-                }
-
-                rvalue parse()
-                {
-                    ws_skip();
-                    auto ret = decode_value(); // or decode object?
-                    ws_skip();
-                    if (ret && *data != '\0')
-                        ret.set_error();
-                    return ret;
-                }
-
-                char* data;
-            };
-            return Parser(data, size).parse();
-        }
-        inline rvalue load(const char* data, size_t size)
-        {
-            char* s = new char[size+1];
-            memcpy(s, data, size);
-            s[size] = 0;
-            auto ret = load_nocopy_internal(s, size);
-            if (ret)
-                ret.key_.force(s, size);
-            else
-                delete[] s;
-            return ret;
-        }
-
-        inline rvalue load(const char* data)
-        {
-            return load(data, strlen(data));
-        }
-
-        inline rvalue load(const std::string& str)
-        {
-            return load(str.data(), str.size());
-        }
-
-        class wvalue
-        {
-            friend class crow::mustache::template_t;
-        public:
-            type t() const { return t_; }
-        private:
-            type t_{type::Null};
-            double d {};
-            std::string s;
-            std::unique_ptr<std::vector<wvalue>> l;
-            std::unique_ptr<std::unordered_map<std::string, wvalue>> o;
-        public:
-
-            wvalue() {}
-
-            wvalue(const rvalue& r)
-            {
-                t_ = r.t();
-                switch(r.t())
-                {
-                    case type::Null:
-                    case type::False:
-                    case type::True:
-                        return;
-                    case type::Number:
-                        d = r.d();
-                        return;
-                    case type::String:
-                        s = r.s();
-                        return;
-                    case type::List:
-                        l = std::unique_ptr<std::vector<wvalue>>(new std::vector<wvalue>{});
-                        l->reserve(r.size());
-                        for(auto it = r.begin(); it != r.end(); ++it)
-                            l->emplace_back(*it);
-                        return;
-                    case type::Object:
-                        o = std::unique_ptr<
-                                    std::unordered_map<std::string, wvalue>
-                                >(
-                                new std::unordered_map<std::string, wvalue>{});
-                        for(auto it = r.begin(); it != r.end(); ++it)
-                            o->emplace(it->key(), *it);
-                        return;
-                }
-            }
-
-            wvalue(wvalue&& r)
-            {
-                *this = std::move(r);
-            }
-
-            wvalue& operator = (wvalue&& r)
-            {
-                t_ = r.t_;
-                d = r.d;
-                s = std::move(r.s);
-                l = std::move(r.l);
-                o = std::move(r.o);
-                return *this;
-            }
-
-            void clear()
-            {
-                t_ = type::Null;
-                l.reset();
-                o.reset();
-            }
-
-            void reset()
-            {
-                t_ = type::Null;
-                l.reset();
-                o.reset();
-            }
-
-            wvalue& operator = (std::nullptr_t)
-            {
-                reset();
-                return *this;
-            }
-            wvalue& operator = (bool value)
-            {
-                reset();
-                if (value)
-                    t_ = type::True;
-                else
-                    t_ = type::False;
-                return *this;
-            }
-
-            wvalue& operator = (double value)
-            {
-                reset();
-                t_ = type::Number;
-                d = value;
-                return *this;
-            }
-
-            wvalue& operator = (unsigned short value)
-            {
-                reset();
-                t_ = type::Number;
-                d = (double)value;
-                return *this;
-            }
-
-            wvalue& operator = (short value)
-            {
-                reset();
-                t_ = type::Number;
-                d = (double)value;
-                return *this;
-            }
-
-            wvalue& operator = (long long value)
-            {
-                reset();
-                t_ = type::Number;
-                d = (double)value;
-                return *this;
-            }
-
-            wvalue& operator = (long value)
-            {
-                reset();
-                t_ = type::Number;
-                d = (double)value;
-                return *this;
-            }
-
-            wvalue& operator = (int value)
-            {
-                reset();
-                t_ = type::Number;
-                d = (double)value;
-                return *this;
-            }
-
-            wvalue& operator = (unsigned long long value)
-            {
-                reset();
-                t_ = type::Number;
-                d = (double)value;
-                return *this;
-            }
-
-            wvalue& operator = (unsigned long value)
-            {
-                reset();
-                t_ = type::Number;
-                d = (double)value;
-                return *this;
-            }
-
-            wvalue& operator = (unsigned int value)
-            {
-                reset();
-                t_ = type::Number;
-                d = (double)value;
-                return *this;
-            }
-
-            wvalue& operator=(const char* str)
-            {
-                reset();
-                t_ = type::String;
-                s = str;
-                return *this;
-            }
-
-            wvalue& operator=(const std::string& str)
-            {
-                reset();
-                t_ = type::String;
-                s = str;
-                return *this;
-            }
-
-            template <typename T>
-            wvalue& operator=(const std::vector<T>& v)
-            {
-                if (t_ != type::List)
-                    reset();
-                t_ = type::List;
-                if (!l)
-                    l = std::unique_ptr<std::vector<wvalue>>(new std::vector<wvalue>{});
-                l->clear();
-                l->resize(v.size());
-                size_t idx = 0;
-                for(auto& x:v)
-                {
-                    (*l)[idx++] = x;
-                }
-                return *this;
-            }
-
-            wvalue& operator[](unsigned index)
-            {
-                if (t_ != type::List)
-                    reset();
-                t_ = type::List;
-                if (!l)
-                    l = std::unique_ptr<std::vector<wvalue>>(new std::vector<wvalue>{});
-                if (l->size() < index+1)
-                    l->resize(index+1);
-                return (*l)[index];
-            }
-
-            int count(const std::string& str)
-            {
-                if (t_ != type::Object)
-                    return 0;
-                if (!o)
-                    return 0;
-                return o->count(str);
-            }
-
-            wvalue& operator[](const std::string& str)
-            {
-                if (t_ != type::Object)
-                    reset();
-                t_ = type::Object;
-                if (!o)
-                    o = std::unique_ptr<
-                                std::unordered_map<std::string, wvalue>
-                            >(
-                            new std::unordered_map<std::string, wvalue>{});
-                return (*o)[str];
-            }
-
-            size_t estimate_length() const
-            {
-                switch(t_)
-                {
-                    case type::Null: return 4;
-                    case type::False: return 5;
-                    case type::True: return 4;
-                    case type::Number: return 30;
-                    case type::String: return 2+s.size()+s.size()/2;
-                    case type::List: 
-                        {
-                            size_t sum{};
-                            if (l)
-                            {
-                                for(auto& x:*l)
-                                {
-                                    sum += 1;
-                                    sum += x.estimate_length();
-                                }
-                            }
-                            return sum+2;
-                        }
-                    case type::Object:
-                        {
-                            size_t sum{};
-                            if (o)
-                            {
-                                for(auto& kv:*o)
-                                {
-                                    sum += 2;
-                                    sum += 2+kv.first.size()+kv.first.size()/2;
-                                    sum += kv.second.estimate_length();
-                                }
-                            }
-                            return sum+2;
-                        }
-                }
-                return 1;
-            }
-
-
-            friend void dump_internal(const wvalue& v, std::string& out);
-            friend std::string dump(const wvalue& v);
-        };
-
-        inline void dump_string(const std::string& str, std::string& out)
-        {
-            out.push_back('"');
-            escape(str, out);
-            out.push_back('"');
-        }
-        inline void dump_internal(const wvalue& v, std::string& out)
-        {
-            switch(v.t_)
-            {
-                case type::Null: out += "null"; break;
-                case type::False: out += "false"; break;
-                case type::True: out += "true"; break;
-                case type::Number: 
-                    {
-                        char outbuf[128];
-                        sprintf(outbuf, "%g", v.d);
-                        out += outbuf;
-                    }
-                    break;
-                case type::String: dump_string(v.s, out); break;
-                case type::List: 
-                     {
-                         out.push_back('[');
-                         if (v.l)
-                         {
-                             bool first = true;
-                             for(auto& x:*v.l)
-                             {
-                                 if (!first)
-                                 {
-                                     out.push_back(',');
-                                 }
-                                 first = false;
-                                 dump_internal(x, out);
-                             }
-                         }
-                         out.push_back(']');
-                     }
-                     break;
-                case type::Object:
-                     {
-                         out.push_back('{');
-                         if (v.o)
-                         {
-                             bool first = true;
-                             for(auto& kv:*v.o)
-                             {
-                                 if (!first)
-                                 {
-                                     out.push_back(',');
-                                 }
-                                 first = false;
-                                 dump_string(kv.first, out);
-                                 out.push_back(':');
-                                 dump_internal(kv.second, out);
-                             }
-                         }
-                         out.push_back('}');
-                     }
-                     break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        inline std::string dump(const wvalue& v)
-        {
-            std::string ret;
-            ret.reserve(v.estimate_length());
-            dump_internal(v, ret);
-            return ret;
-        }
-
-        //std::vector<boost::asio::const_buffer> dump_ref(wvalue& v)
-        //{
-        //}
-    }
-}
-
-#undef crow_json_likely
-#undef crow_json_unlikely
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-#include <fstream>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <functional>
-
-
-namespace crow
-{
-    namespace mustache
-    {
-        using context = json::wvalue;
-
-        template_t load(const std::string& filename);
-
-        class invalid_template_exception : public std::exception
-        {
-            public:
-            invalid_template_exception(const std::string& msg)
-                : msg("crow::mustache error: " + msg)
-            {
-            }
-            virtual const char* what() const throw()
-            {
-                return msg.c_str();
-            }
-            std::string msg;
-        };
-
-        enum class ActionType
-        {
-            Ignore,
-            Tag,
-            UnescapeTag,
-            OpenBlock,
-            CloseBlock,
-            ElseBlock,
-            Partial,
-        };
-
-        struct Action
-        {
-            int start;
-            int end;
-            int pos;
-            ActionType t;
-            Action(ActionType t, int start, int end, int pos = 0) 
-                : start(start), end(end), pos(pos), t(t)
-            {}
-        };
-
-        class template_t 
-        {
-        public:
-            template_t(std::string body)
-                : body_(std::move(body))
-            {
-                // {{ {{# {{/ {{^ {{! {{> {{=
-                parse();
-            }
-
-        private:
-            std::string tag_name(const Action& action)
-            {
-                return body_.substr(action.start, action.end - action.start);
-            }
-            auto find_context(const std::string& name, const std::vector<context*>& stack)->std::pair<bool, context&>
-            {
-                if (name == ".")
-                {
-                    return {true, *stack.back()};
-                }
-                int dotPosition = name.find(".");
-                if (dotPosition == (int)name.npos)
-                {
-                    for(auto it = stack.rbegin(); it != stack.rend(); ++it)
-                    {
-                        if ((*it)->t() == json::type::Object)
-                        {
-                            if ((*it)->count(name))
-                                return {true, (**it)[name]};
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    std::vector<int> dotPositions;
-                    dotPositions.push_back(-1);
-                    while(dotPosition != (int)name.npos)
-                    {
-                        dotPositions.push_back(dotPosition);
-                        dotPosition = name.find(".", dotPosition+1);
-                    }
-                    dotPositions.push_back(name.size());
-                    std::vector<std::string> names;
-                    names.reserve(dotPositions.size()-1);
-                    for(int i = 1; i < (int)dotPositions.size(); i ++)
-                        names.emplace_back(name.substr(dotPositions[i-1]+1, dotPositions[i]-dotPositions[i-1]-1));
-
-                    for(auto it = stack.rbegin(); it != stack.rend(); ++it)
-                    {
-                        context* view = *it;
-                        bool found = true;
-                        for(auto jt = names.begin(); jt != names.end(); ++jt)
-                        {
-                            if (view->t() == json::type::Object &&
-                                view->count(*jt))
-                            {
-                                view = &(*view)[*jt];
-                            }
-                            else
-                            {
-                                found = false;
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        }
-                        if (found)
-                            return {true, *view};
-                    }
-
-                }
-
-                static json::wvalue empty_str;
-                empty_str = "";
-                return {false, empty_str};
-            }
-
-            void escape(const std::string& in, std::string& out)
-            {
-                out.reserve(out.size() + in.size());
-                for(auto it = in.begin(); it != in.end(); ++it)
-                {
-                    switch(*it)
-                    {
-                        case '&': out += "&amp;"; break;
-                        case '<': out += "&lt;"; break;
-                        case '>': out += "&gt;"; break;
-                        case '"': out += "&quot;"; break;
-                        case '\'': out += "&#39;"; break;
-                        case '/': out += "&#x2F;"; break;
-                        default: out += *it; break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            void render_internal(int actionBegin, int actionEnd, std::vector<context*>& stack, std::string& out, int indent)
-            {
-                int current = actionBegin;
-
-                if (indent)
-                    out.insert(out.size(), indent, ' ');
-
-                while(current < actionEnd)
-                {
-                    auto& fragment = fragments_[current];
-                    auto& action = actions_[current];
-                    render_fragment(fragment, indent, out);
-                    switch(action.t)
-                    {
-                        case ActionType::Ignore:
-                            // do nothing
-                            break;
-                        case ActionType::Partial:
-                            {
-                                std::string partial_name = tag_name(action);
-                                auto partial_templ = load(partial_name);
-                                int partial_indent = action.pos;
-                                partial_templ.render_internal(0, partial_templ.fragments_.size()-1, stack, out, partial_indent?indent+partial_indent:0);
-                            }
-                            break;
-                        case ActionType::UnescapeTag:
-                        case ActionType::Tag:
-                            {
-                                auto optional_ctx = find_context(tag_name(action), stack);
-                                auto& ctx = optional_ctx.second;
-                                switch(ctx.t())
-                                {
-                                    case json::type::Number:
-                                        out += json::dump(ctx);
-                                        break;
-                                    case json::type::String:
-                                        if (action.t == ActionType::Tag)
-                                            escape(ctx.s, out);
-                                        else
-                                            out += ctx.s;
-                                        break;
-                                    default:
-                                        throw std::runtime_error("not implemented tag type" + boost::lexical_cast<std::string>((int)ctx.t()));
-                                }
-                            }
-                            break;
-                        case ActionType::ElseBlock:
-                            {
-                                static context nullContext;
-                                auto optional_ctx = find_context(tag_name(action), stack);
-                                if (!optional_ctx.first)
-                                {
-                                    stack.emplace_back(&nullContext);
-                                    break;
-                                }
-
-                                auto& ctx = optional_ctx.second;
-                                switch(ctx.t())
-                                {
-                                    case json::type::List:
-                                        if (ctx.l && !ctx.l->empty())
-                                            current = action.pos;
-                                        else
-                                            stack.emplace_back(&nullContext);
-                                        break;
-                                    case json::type::False:
-                                    case json::type::Null:
-                                        stack.emplace_back(&nullContext);
-                                        break;
-                                    default:
-                                        current = action.pos;
-                                        break;
-                                }
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        case ActionType::OpenBlock:
-                            {
-                                auto optional_ctx = find_context(tag_name(action), stack);
-                                if (!optional_ctx.first)
-                                {
-                                    current = action.pos;
-                                    break;
-                                }
-
-                                auto& ctx = optional_ctx.second;
-                                switch(ctx.t())
-                                {
-                                    case json::type::List:
-                                        if (ctx.l)
-                                            for(auto it = ctx.l->begin(); it != ctx.l->end(); ++it)
-                                            {
-                                                stack.push_back(&*it);
-                                                render_internal(current+1, action.pos, stack, out, indent);
-                                                stack.pop_back();
-                                            }
-                                        current = action.pos;
-                                        break;
-                                    case json::type::Number:
-                                    case json::type::String:
-                                    case json::type::Object:
-                                    case json::type::True:
-                                        stack.push_back(&ctx);
-                                        break;
-                                    case json::type::False:
-                                    case json::type::Null:
-                                        current = action.pos;
-                                        break;
-                                    default:
-                                        throw std::runtime_error("{{#: not implemented context type: " + boost::lexical_cast<std::string>((int)ctx.t()));
-                                        break;
-                                }
-                                break;
-                            }
-                        case ActionType::CloseBlock:
-                            stack.pop_back();
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            throw std::runtime_error("not implemented " + boost::lexical_cast<std::string>((int)action.t));
-                    }
-                    current++;
-                }
-                auto& fragment = fragments_[actionEnd];
-                render_fragment(fragment, indent, out);
-            }
-            void render_fragment(const std::pair<int, int> fragment, int indent, std::string& out)
-            {
-                if (indent)
-                {
-                    for(int i = fragment.first; i < fragment.second; i ++)
-                    {
-                        out += body_[i];
-                        if (body_[i] == '\n' && i+1 != (int)body_.size())
-                            out.insert(out.size(), indent, ' ');
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                    out.insert(out.size(), body_, fragment.first, fragment.second-fragment.first);
-            }
-        public:
-            std::string render()
-            {
-                context empty_ctx;
-                std::vector<context*> stack;
-                stack.emplace_back(&empty_ctx);
-
-                std::string ret;
-                render_internal(0, fragments_.size()-1, stack, ret, 0);
-                return ret;
-            }
-            std::string render(context& ctx)
-            {
-                std::vector<context*> stack;
-                stack.emplace_back(&ctx);
-
-                std::string ret;
-                render_internal(0, fragments_.size()-1, stack, ret, 0);
-                return ret;
-            }
-
-        private:
-
-            void parse()
-            {
-                std::string tag_open = "{{";
-                std::string tag_close = "}}";
-
-                std::vector<int> blockPositions;
-                
-                size_t current = 0;
-                while(1)
-                {
-                    size_t idx = body_.find(tag_open, current);
-                    if (idx == body_.npos)
-                    {
-                        fragments_.emplace_back(current, body_.size());
-                        actions_.emplace_back(ActionType::Ignore, 0, 0);
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    fragments_.emplace_back(current, idx);
-
-                    idx += tag_open.size();
-                    size_t endIdx = body_.find(tag_close, idx);
-                    if (endIdx == idx)
-                    {
-                        throw invalid_template_exception("empty tag is not allowed");
-                    }
-                    if (endIdx == body_.npos)
-                    {
-                        // error, no matching tag
-                        throw invalid_template_exception("not matched opening tag");
-                    }
-                    current = endIdx + tag_close.size();
-                    switch(body_[idx])
-                    {
-                        case '#':
-                            idx++;
-                            while(body_[idx] == ' ') idx++;
-                            while(body_[endIdx-1] == ' ') endIdx--;
-                            blockPositions.emplace_back(actions_.size());
-                            actions_.emplace_back(ActionType::OpenBlock, idx, endIdx);
-                            break;
-                        case '/':
-                            idx++;
-                            while(body_[idx] == ' ') idx++;
-                            while(body_[endIdx-1] == ' ') endIdx--;
-                            {
-                                auto& matched = actions_[blockPositions.back()];
-                                if (body_.compare(idx, endIdx-idx, 
-                                        body_, matched.start, matched.end - matched.start) != 0)
-                                {
-                                    throw invalid_template_exception("not matched {{# {{/ pair: " + 
-                                        body_.substr(matched.start, matched.end - matched.start) + ", " + 
-                                        body_.substr(idx, endIdx-idx));
-                                }
-                                matched.pos = actions_.size();
-                            }
-                            actions_.emplace_back(ActionType::CloseBlock, idx, endIdx, blockPositions.back());
-                            blockPositions.pop_back();
-                            break;
-                        case '^':
-                            idx++;
-                            while(body_[idx] == ' ') idx++;
-                            while(body_[endIdx-1] == ' ') endIdx--;
-                            blockPositions.emplace_back(actions_.size());
-                            actions_.emplace_back(ActionType::ElseBlock, idx, endIdx);
-                            break;
-                        case '!':
-                            // do nothing action
-                            actions_.emplace_back(ActionType::Ignore, idx+1, endIdx);
-                            break;
-                        case '>': // partial
-                            idx++;
-                            while(body_[idx] == ' ') idx++;
-                            while(body_[endIdx-1] == ' ') endIdx--;
-                            actions_.emplace_back(ActionType::Partial, idx, endIdx);
-                            break;
-                        case '{':
-                            if (tag_open != "{{" || tag_close != "}}")
-                                throw invalid_template_exception("cannot use triple mustache when delimiter changed");
-
-                            idx ++;
-                            if (body_[endIdx+2] != '}')
-                            {
-                                throw invalid_template_exception("{{{: }}} not matched");
-                            }
-                            while(body_[idx] == ' ') idx++;
-                            while(body_[endIdx-1] == ' ') endIdx--;
-                            actions_.emplace_back(ActionType::UnescapeTag, idx, endIdx);
-                            current++;
-                            break;
-                        case '&':
-                            idx ++;
-                            while(body_[idx] == ' ') idx++;
-                            while(body_[endIdx-1] == ' ') endIdx--;
-                            actions_.emplace_back(ActionType::UnescapeTag, idx, endIdx);
-                            break;
-                        case '=':
-                            // tag itself is no-op
-                            idx ++;
-                            actions_.emplace_back(ActionType::Ignore, idx, endIdx);
-                            endIdx --;
-                            if (body_[endIdx] != '=')
-                                throw invalid_template_exception("{{=: not matching = tag: "+body_.substr(idx, endIdx-idx));
-                            endIdx --;
-                            while(body_[idx] == ' ') idx++;
-                            while(body_[endIdx] == ' ') endIdx--;
-                            endIdx++;
-                            {
-                                bool succeeded = false;
-                                for(size_t i = idx; i < endIdx; i++)
-                                {
-                                    if (body_[i] == ' ')
-                                    {
-                                        tag_open = body_.substr(idx, i-idx);
-                                        while(body_[i] == ' ') i++;
-                                        tag_close = body_.substr(i, endIdx-i);
-                                        if (tag_open.empty())
-                                            throw invalid_template_exception("{{=: empty open tag");
-                                        if (tag_close.empty())
-                                            throw invalid_template_exception("{{=: empty close tag");
-
-                                        if (tag_close.find(" ") != tag_close.npos)
-                                            throw invalid_template_exception("{{=: invalid open/close tag: "+tag_open+" " + tag_close);
-                                        succeeded = true;
-                                        break;
-                                    }
-                                }
-                                if (!succeeded)
-                                    throw invalid_template_exception("{{=: cannot find space between new open/close tags");
-                            }
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            // normal tag case;
-                            while(body_[idx] == ' ') idx++;
-                            while(body_[endIdx-1] == ' ') endIdx--;
-                            actions_.emplace_back(ActionType::Tag, idx, endIdx);
-                            break;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // removing standalones
-                for(int i = actions_.size()-2; i >= 0; i --)
-                {
-                    if (actions_[i].t == ActionType::Tag || actions_[i].t == ActionType::UnescapeTag)
-                        continue;
-                    auto& fragment_before = fragments_[i];
-                    auto& fragment_after = fragments_[i+1];
-                    bool is_last_action = i == (int)actions_.size()-2;
-                    bool all_space_before = true;
-                    int j, k;
-                    for(j = fragment_before.second-1;j >= fragment_before.first;j--)
-                    {
-                        if (body_[j] != ' ')
-                        {
-                            all_space_before = false;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if (all_space_before && i > 0)
-                        continue;
-                    if (!all_space_before && body_[j] != '\n')
-                        continue;
-                    bool all_space_after = true;
-                    for(k = fragment_after.first; k < (int)body_.size() && k < fragment_after.second; k ++)
-                    {
-                        if (body_[k] != ' ')
-                        {
-                            all_space_after = false;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    if (all_space_after && !is_last_action)
-                        continue;
-                    if (!all_space_after && 
-                            !(
-                                body_[k] == '\n' 
-                            || 
-                                (body_[k] == '\r' && 
-                                k + 1 < (int)body_.size() && 
-                                body_[k+1] == '\n')))
-                        continue;
-                    if (actions_[i].t == ActionType::Partial)
-                    {
-                        actions_[i].pos = fragment_before.second - j - 1;
-                    }
-                    fragment_before.second = j+1;
-                    if (!all_space_after)
-                    {
-                        if (body_[k] == '\n')
-                            k++;
-                        else 
-                            k += 2;
-                        fragment_after.first = k;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            
-            std::vector<std::pair<int,int>> fragments_;
-            std::vector<Action> actions_;
-            std::string body_;
-        };
-
-        inline template_t compile(const std::string& body)
-        {
-            return template_t(body);
-        }
-        namespace detail
-        {
-            inline std::string& get_template_base_directory_ref()
-            {
-                static std::string template_base_directory = "templates";
-                return template_base_directory;
-            }
-        }
-
-        inline std::string default_loader(const std::string& filename)
-        {
-            std::string path = detail::get_template_base_directory_ref();
-            if (!(path.back() == '/' || path.back() == '\\'))
-                path += '/';
-            path += filename;
-            std::ifstream inf(path);
-            if (!inf)
-                return {};
-            return {std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(inf), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>()};
-        }
-
-        namespace detail
-        {
-            inline std::function<std::string (std::string)>& get_loader_ref()
-            {
-                static std::function<std::string (std::string)> loader = default_loader;
-                return loader;
-            }
-        }
-
-        inline void set_base(const std::string& path)
-        {
-            auto& base = detail::get_template_base_directory_ref();
-            base = path;
-            if (base.back() != '\\' && 
-                base.back() != '/')
-            {
-                base += '/';
-            }
-        }
-
-        inline void set_loader(std::function<std::string(std::string)> loader)
-        {
-            detail::get_loader_ref() = std::move(loader);
-        }
-
-        inline std::string load_text(const std::string& filename)
-        {
-            return detail::get_loader_ref()(filename);
-        }
-
-        inline template_t load(const std::string& filename)
-        {
-            return compile(detail::get_loader_ref()(filename));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-
-
-/* merged revision: 5b951d74bd66ec9d38448e0a85b1cf8b85d97db3 */
-/* Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. All rights reserved.
- *
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
- * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
- * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
- * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
- * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
- * IN THE SOFTWARE.
- */
-#ifndef CROW_http_parser_h
-#define CROW_http_parser_h
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-/* Also update SONAME in the Makefile whenever you change these. */
-#define CROW_HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_MAJOR 2
-#define CROW_HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_MINOR 3
-#define CROW_HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_PATCH 0
-
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__MINGW32__) && (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER<1600)
-#include <BaseTsd.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-typedef __int8 int8_t;
-typedef unsigned __int8 uint8_t;
-typedef __int16 int16_t;
-typedef unsigned __int16 uint16_t;
-typedef __int32 int32_t;
-typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t;
-typedef __int64 int64_t;
-typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
-#else
-#include <stdint.h>
-#endif
-
-/* Compile with -DHTTP_PARSER_STRICT=0 to make less checks, but run
- * faster
- */
-#ifndef CROW_HTTP_PARSER_STRICT
-# define CROW_HTTP_PARSER_STRICT 1
-#endif
-
-/* Maximium header size allowed. If the macro is not defined
- * before including this header then the default is used. To
- * change the maximum header size, define the macro in the build
- * environment (e.g. -DHTTP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE=<value>). To remove
- * the effective limit on the size of the header, define the macro
- * to a very large number (e.g. -DHTTP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE=0x7fffffff)
- */
-#ifndef CROW_HTTP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE
-# define CROW_HTTP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE (80*1024)
-#endif
-
-typedef struct http_parser http_parser;
-typedef struct http_parser_settings http_parser_settings;
-
-
-/* Callbacks should return non-zero to indicate an error. The parser will
- * then halt execution.
- *
- * The one exception is on_headers_complete. In a HTTP_RESPONSE parser
- * returning '1' from on_headers_complete will tell the parser that it
- * should not expect a body. This is used when receiving a response to a
- * HEAD request which may contain 'Content-Length' or 'Transfer-Encoding:
- * chunked' headers that indicate the presence of a body.
- *
- * http_data_cb does not return data chunks. It will be call arbitrarally
- * many times for each string. E.G. you might get 10 callbacks for "on_url"
- * each providing just a few characters more data.
- */
-typedef int (*http_data_cb) (http_parser*, const char *at, size_t length);
-typedef int (*http_cb) (http_parser*);
-
-
-/* Request Methods */
-#define CROW_HTTP_METHOD_MAP(CROW_XX)         \
-  CROW_XX(0,  DELETE,      DELETE)       \
-  CROW_XX(1,  GET,         GET)          \
-  CROW_XX(2,  HEAD,        HEAD)         \
-  CROW_XX(3,  POST,        POST)         \
-  CROW_XX(4,  PUT,         PUT)          \
-  /* pathological */                \
-  CROW_XX(5,  CONNECT,     CONNECT)      \
-  CROW_XX(6,  OPTIONS,     OPTIONS)      \
-  CROW_XX(7,  TRACE,       TRACE)        \
-  /* webdav */                      \
-  CROW_XX(8,  COPY,        COPY)         \
-  CROW_XX(9,  LOCK,        LOCK)         \
-  CROW_XX(10, MKCOL,       MKCOL)        \
-  CROW_XX(11, MOVE,        MOVE)         \
-  CROW_XX(12, PROPFIND,    PROPFIND)     \
-  CROW_XX(13, PROPPATCH,   PROPPATCH)    \
-  CROW_XX(14, SEARCH,      SEARCH)       \
-  CROW_XX(15, UNLOCK,      UNLOCK)       \
-  /* subversion */                  \
-  CROW_XX(16, REPORT,      REPORT)       \
-  CROW_XX(17, MKACTIVITY,  MKACTIVITY)   \
-  CROW_XX(18, CHECKOUT,    CHECKOUT)     \
-  CROW_XX(19, MERGE,       MERGE)        \
-  /* upnp */                        \
-  CROW_XX(20, MSEARCH,     M-SEARCH)     \
-  CROW_XX(21, NOTIFY,      NOTIFY)       \
-  CROW_XX(22, SUBSCRIBE,   SUBSCRIBE)    \
-  CROW_XX(23, UNSUBSCRIBE, UNSUBSCRIBE)  \
-  /* RFC-5789 */                    \
-  CROW_XX(24, PATCH,       PATCH)        \
-  CROW_XX(25, PURGE,       PURGE)        \
-  /* CalDAV */                      \
-  CROW_XX(26, MKCALENDAR,  MKCALENDAR)   \
-
-enum http_method
-  {
-#define CROW_XX(num, name, string) HTTP_##name = num,
-  CROW_HTTP_METHOD_MAP(CROW_XX)
-#undef CROW_XX
-  };
-
-
-enum http_parser_type { HTTP_REQUEST, HTTP_RESPONSE, HTTP_BOTH };
-
-
-/* Flag values for http_parser.flags field */
-enum flags
-  { F_CHUNKED               = 1 << 0
-  , F_CONNECTION_KEEP_ALIVE = 1 << 1
-  , F_CONNECTION_CLOSE      = 1 << 2
-  , F_TRAILING              = 1 << 3
-  , F_UPGRADE               = 1 << 4
-  , F_SKIPBODY              = 1 << 5
-  };
-
-
-/* Map for errno-related constants
- * 
- * The provided argument should be a macro that takes 2 arguments.
- */
-#define CROW_HTTP_ERRNO_MAP(CROW_XX)                                           \
-  /* No error */                                                     \
-  CROW_XX(OK, "success")                                                  \
-                                                                     \
-  /* Callback-related errors */                                      \
-  CROW_XX(CB_message_begin, "the on_message_begin callback failed")       \
-  CROW_XX(CB_url, "the on_url callback failed")                           \
-  CROW_XX(CB_header_field, "the on_header_field callback failed")         \
-  CROW_XX(CB_header_value, "the on_header_value callback failed")         \
-  CROW_XX(CB_headers_complete, "the on_headers_complete callback failed") \
-  CROW_XX(CB_body, "the on_body callback failed")                         \
-  CROW_XX(CB_message_complete, "the on_message_complete callback failed") \
-  CROW_XX(CB_status, "the on_status callback failed")                     \
-                                                                     \
-  /* Parsing-related errors */                                       \
-  CROW_XX(INVALID_EOF_STATE, "stream ended at an unexpected time")        \
-  CROW_XX(HEADER_OVERFLOW,                                                \
-     "too many header bytes seen; overflow detected")                \
-  CROW_XX(CLOSED_CONNECTION,                                              \
-     "data received after completed connection: close message")      \
-  CROW_XX(INVALID_VERSION, "invalid HTTP version")                        \
-  CROW_XX(INVALID_STATUS, "invalid HTTP status code")                     \
-  CROW_XX(INVALID_METHOD, "invalid HTTP method")                          \
-  CROW_XX(INVALID_URL, "invalid URL")                                     \
-  CROW_XX(INVALID_HOST, "invalid host")                                   \
-  CROW_XX(INVALID_PORT, "invalid port")                                   \
-  CROW_XX(INVALID_PATH, "invalid path")                                   \
-  CROW_XX(INVALID_QUERY_STRING, "invalid query string")                   \
-  CROW_XX(INVALID_FRAGMENT, "invalid fragment")                           \
-  CROW_XX(LF_EXPECTED, "CROW_LF character expected")                           \
-  CROW_XX(INVALID_HEADER_TOKEN, "invalid character in header")            \
-  CROW_XX(INVALID_CONTENT_LENGTH,                                         \
-     "invalid character in content-length header")                   \
-  CROW_XX(INVALID_CHUNK_SIZE,                                             \
-     "invalid character in chunk size header")                       \
-  CROW_XX(INVALID_CONSTANT, "invalid constant string")                    \
-  CROW_XX(INVALID_INTERNAL_STATE, "encountered unexpected internal state")\
-  CROW_XX(STRICT, "strict mode assertion failed")                         \
-  CROW_XX(PAUSED, "parser is paused")                                     \
-  CROW_XX(UNKNOWN, "an unknown error occurred")
-
-
-/* Define HPE_* values for each errno value above */
-#define CROW_HTTP_ERRNO_GEN(n, s) HPE_##n,
-enum http_errno {
-  CROW_HTTP_ERRNO_MAP(CROW_HTTP_ERRNO_GEN)
-};
-#undef CROW_HTTP_ERRNO_GEN
-
-
-/* Get an http_errno value from an http_parser */
-#define CROW_HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(p)            ((enum http_errno) (p)->http_errno)
-
-
-struct http_parser {
-  /** PRIVATE **/
-  unsigned int type : 2;         /* enum http_parser_type */
-  unsigned int flags : 6;        /* F_* values from 'flags' enum; semi-public */
-  unsigned int state : 8;        /* enum state from http_parser.c */
-  unsigned int header_state : 8; /* enum header_state from http_parser.c */
-  unsigned int index : 8;        /* index into current matcher */
-
-  uint32_t nread;          /* # bytes read in various scenarios */
-  uint64_t content_length; /* # bytes in body (0 if no Content-Length header) */
-
-  /** READ-ONLY **/
-  unsigned short http_major;
-  unsigned short http_minor;
-  unsigned int status_code : 16; /* responses only */
-  unsigned int method : 8;       /* requests only */
-  unsigned int http_errno : 7;
-
-  /* 1 = Upgrade header was present and the parser has exited because of that.
-   * 0 = No upgrade header present.
-   * Should be checked when http_parser_execute() returns in addition to
-   * error checking.
-   */
-  unsigned int upgrade : 1;
-
-  /** PUBLIC **/
-  void *data; /* A pointer to get hook to the "connection" or "socket" object */
-};
-
-
-struct http_parser_settings {
-  http_cb      on_message_begin;
-  http_data_cb on_url;
-  http_data_cb on_status;
-  http_data_cb on_header_field;
-  http_data_cb on_header_value;
-  http_cb      on_headers_complete;
-  http_data_cb on_body;
-  http_cb      on_message_complete;
-};
-
-
-enum http_parser_url_fields
-  { UF_SCHEMA           = 0
-  , UF_HOST             = 1
-  , UF_PORT             = 2
-  , UF_PATH             = 3
-  , UF_QUERY            = 4
-  , UF_FRAGMENT         = 5
-  , UF_USERINFO         = 6
-  , UF_MAX              = 7
-  };
-
-
-/* Result structure for http_parser_parse_url().
- *
- * Callers should index into field_data[] with UF_* values iff field_set
- * has the relevant (1 << UF_*) bit set. As a courtesy to clients (and
- * because we probably have padding left over), we convert any port to
- * a uint16_t.
- */
-struct http_parser_url {
-  uint16_t field_set;           /* Bitmask of (1 << UF_*) values */
-  uint16_t port;                /* Converted UF_PORT string */
-
-  struct {
-    uint16_t off;               /* Offset into buffer in which field starts */
-    uint16_t len;               /* Length of run in buffer */
-  } field_data[UF_MAX];
-};
-
-
-/* Returns the library version. Bits 16-23 contain the major version number,
- * bits 8-15 the minor version number and bits 0-7 the patch level.
- * Usage example:
- *
- *   unsigned long version = http_parser_version();
- *   unsigned major = (version >> 16) & 255;
- *   unsigned minor = (version >> 8) & 255;
- *   unsigned patch = version & 255;
- *   printf("http_parser v%u.%u.%u\n", major, minor, version);
- */
-unsigned long http_parser_version(void);
-
-void http_parser_init(http_parser *parser, enum http_parser_type type);
-
-
-size_t http_parser_execute(http_parser *parser,
-                           const http_parser_settings *settings,
-                           const char *data,
-                           size_t len);
-
-
-/* If http_should_keep_alive() in the on_headers_complete or
- * on_message_complete callback returns 0, then this should be
- * the last message on the connection.
- * If you are the server, respond with the "Connection: close" header.
- * If you are the client, close the connection.
- */
-int http_should_keep_alive(const http_parser *parser);
-
-/* Returns a string version of the HTTP method. */
-const char *http_method_str(enum http_method m);
-
-/* Return a string name of the given error */
-const char *http_errno_name(enum http_errno err);
-
-/* Return a string description of the given error */
-const char *http_errno_description(enum http_errno err);
-
-/* Parse a URL; return nonzero on failure */
-int http_parser_parse_url(const char *buf, size_t buflen,
-                          int is_connect,
-                          struct http_parser_url *u);
-
-/* Pause or un-pause the parser; a nonzero value pauses */
-void http_parser_pause(http_parser *parser, int paused);
-
-/* Checks if this is the final chunk of the body. */
-int http_body_is_final(const http_parser *parser);
-
-/*#include "http_parser.h"*/
-/* Based on src/http/ngx_http_parse.c from NGINX copyright Igor Sysoev
- *
- * Additional changes are licensed under the same terms as NGINX and
- * copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. All rights reserved.
- *
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
- * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
- * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
- * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
- * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
- * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
- * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
- * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
- * IN THE SOFTWARE.
- */
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <limits.h>
-
-#ifndef CROW_ULLONG_MAX
-# define CROW_ULLONG_MAX ((uint64_t) -1) /* 2^64-1 */
-#endif
-
-#ifndef CROW_MIN
-# define CROW_MIN(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
-#endif
-
-#ifndef CROW_ARRAY_SIZE
-# define CROW_ARRAY_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof((a)[0]))
-#endif
-
-#ifndef CROW_BIT_AT
-# define CROW_BIT_AT(a, i)                                                \
-  (!!((unsigned int) (a)[(unsigned int) (i) >> 3] &                  \
-   (1 << ((unsigned int) (i) & 7))))
-#endif
-
-#ifndef CROW_ELEM_AT
-# define CROW_ELEM_AT(a, i, v) ((unsigned int) (i) < CROW_ARRAY_SIZE(a) ? (a)[(i)] : (v))
-#endif
-
-#define CROW_SET_ERRNO(e)                                                 \
-do {                                                                 \
-  parser->http_errno = (e);                                          \
-} while(0)
-
-
-/* Run the notify callback FOR, returning ER if it fails */
-#define CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY_(FOR, ER)                                    \
-do {                                                                 \
-  assert(CROW_HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(parser) == HPE_OK);                       \
-                                                                     \
-  if (settings->on_##FOR) {                                          \
-    if (0 != settings->on_##FOR(parser)) {                           \
-      CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_CB_##FOR);                                       \
-    }                                                                \
-                                                                     \
-    /* We either errored above or got paused; get out */             \
-    if (CROW_HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(parser) != HPE_OK) {                       \
-      return (ER);                                                   \
-    }                                                                \
-  }                                                                  \
-} while (0)
-
-/* Run the notify callback FOR and consume the current byte */
-#define CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY(FOR)            CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY_(FOR, p - data + 1)
-
-/* Run the notify callback FOR and don't consume the current byte */
-#define CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY_NOADVANCE(FOR)  CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY_(FOR, p - data)
-
-/* Run data callback FOR with LEN bytes, returning ER if it fails */
-#define CROW_CALLBACK_DATA_(FOR, LEN, ER)                                 \
-do {                                                                 \
-  assert(CROW_HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(parser) == HPE_OK);                       \
-                                                                     \
-  if (FOR##_mark) {                                                  \
-    if (settings->on_##FOR) {                                        \
-      if (0 != settings->on_##FOR(parser, FOR##_mark, (LEN))) {      \
-        CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_CB_##FOR);                                     \
-      }                                                              \
-                                                                     \
-      /* We either errored above or got paused; get out */           \
-      if (CROW_HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(parser) != HPE_OK) {                     \
-        return (ER);                                                 \
-      }                                                              \
-    }                                                                \
-    FOR##_mark = NULL;                                               \
-  }                                                                  \
-} while (0)
-  
-/* Run the data callback FOR and consume the current byte */
-#define CROW_CALLBACK_DATA(FOR)                                           \
-    CROW_CALLBACK_DATA_(FOR, p - FOR##_mark, p - data + 1)
-
-/* Run the data callback FOR and don't consume the current byte */
-#define CROW_CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE(FOR)                                 \
-    CROW_CALLBACK_DATA_(FOR, p - FOR##_mark, p - data)
-
-/* Set the mark FOR; non-destructive if mark is already set */
-#define CROW_MARK(FOR)                                                    \
-do {                                                                 \
-  if (!FOR##_mark) {                                                 \
-    FOR##_mark = p;                                                  \
-  }                                                                  \
-} while (0)
-
-
-#define CROW_PROXY_CONNECTION "proxy-connection"
-#define CROW_CONNECTION "connection"
-#define CROW_CONTENT_LENGTH "content-length"
-#define CROW_TRANSFER_ENCODING "transfer-encoding"
-#define CROW_UPGRADE "upgrade"
-#define CROW_CHUNKED "chunked"
-#define CROW_KEEP_ALIVE "keep-alive"
-#define CROW_CLOSE "close"
-
-
-
-
-enum state
-  { s_dead = 1 /* important that this is > 0 */
-
-  , s_start_req_or_res
-  , s_res_or_resp_H
-  , s_start_res
-  , s_res_H
-  , s_res_HT
-  , s_res_HTT
-  , s_res_HTTP
-  , s_res_first_http_major
-  , s_res_http_major
-  , s_res_first_http_minor
-  , s_res_http_minor
-  , s_res_first_status_code
-  , s_res_status_code
-  , s_res_status_start
-  , s_res_status
-  , s_res_line_almost_done
-
-  , s_start_req
-
-  , s_req_method
-  , s_req_spaces_before_url
-  , s_req_schema
-  , s_req_schema_slash
-  , s_req_schema_slash_slash
-  , s_req_server_start
-  , s_req_server
-  , s_req_server_with_at
-  , s_req_path
-  , s_req_query_string_start
-  , s_req_query_string
-  , s_req_fragment_start
-  , s_req_fragment
-  , s_req_http_start
-  , s_req_http_H
-  , s_req_http_HT
-  , s_req_http_HTT
-  , s_req_http_HTTP
-  , s_req_first_http_major
-  , s_req_http_major
-  , s_req_first_http_minor
-  , s_req_http_minor
-  , s_req_line_almost_done
-
-  , s_header_field_start
-  , s_header_field
-  , s_header_value_discard_ws
-  , s_header_value_discard_ws_almost_done
-  , s_header_value_discard_lws
-  , s_header_value_start
-  , s_header_value
-  , s_header_value_lws
-
-  , s_header_almost_done
-
-  , s_chunk_size_start
-  , s_chunk_size
-  , s_chunk_parameters
-  , s_chunk_size_almost_done
-
-  , s_headers_almost_done
-  , s_headers_done
-
-  /* Important: 's_headers_done' must be the last 'header' state. All
-   * states beyond this must be 'body' states. It is used for overflow
-   * checking. See the CROW_PARSING_HEADER() macro.
-   */
-
-  , s_chunk_data
-  , s_chunk_data_almost_done
-  , s_chunk_data_done
-
-  , s_body_identity
-  , s_body_identity_eof
-
-  , s_message_done
-  };
-
-
-#define CROW_PARSING_HEADER(state) (state <= s_headers_done)
-
-
-enum header_states
-  { h_general = 0
-  , h_C
-  , h_CO
-  , h_CON
-
-  , h_matching_connection
-  , h_matching_proxy_connection
-  , h_matching_content_length
-  , h_matching_transfer_encoding
-  , h_matching_upgrade
-
-  , h_connection
-  , h_content_length
-  , h_transfer_encoding
-  , h_upgrade
-
-  , h_matching_transfer_encoding_chunked
-  , h_matching_connection_keep_alive
-  , h_matching_connection_close
-
-  , h_transfer_encoding_chunked
-  , h_connection_keep_alive
-  , h_connection_close
-  };
-
-enum http_host_state
-  {
-    s_http_host_dead = 1
-  , s_http_userinfo_start
-  , s_http_userinfo
-  , s_http_host_start
-  , s_http_host_v6_start
-  , s_http_host
-  , s_http_host_v6
-  , s_http_host_v6_end
-  , s_http_host_port_start
-  , s_http_host_port
-};
-
-/* Macros for character classes; depends on strict-mode  */
-#define CROW_CR                  '\r'
-#define CROW_LF                  '\n'
-#define CROW_LOWER(c)            (unsigned char)(c | 0x20)
-#define CROW_IS_ALPHA(c)         (CROW_LOWER(c) >= 'a' && CROW_LOWER(c) <= 'z')
-#define CROW_IS_NUM(c)           ((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '9')
-#define CROW_IS_ALPHANUM(c)      (CROW_IS_ALPHA(c) || CROW_IS_NUM(c))
-#define CROW_IS_HEX(c)           (CROW_IS_NUM(c) || (CROW_LOWER(c) >= 'a' && CROW_LOWER(c) <= 'f'))
-#define CROW_IS_MARK(c)          ((c) == '-' || (c) == '_' || (c) == '.' || \
-  (c) == '!' || (c) == '~' || (c) == '*' || (c) == '\'' || (c) == '(' || \
-  (c) == ')')
-#define CROW_IS_USERINFO_CHAR(c) (CROW_IS_ALPHANUM(c) || CROW_IS_MARK(c) || (c) == '%' || \
-  (c) == ';' || (c) == ':' || (c) == '&' || (c) == '=' || (c) == '+' || \
-  (c) == '$' || (c) == ',')
-
-#if CROW_HTTP_PARSER_STRICT
-#define CROW_TOKEN(c)            (tokens[(unsigned char)c])
-#define CROW_IS_URL_CHAR(c)      (CROW_BIT_AT(normal_url_char, (unsigned char)c))
-#define CROW_IS_HOST_CHAR(c)     (CROW_IS_ALPHANUM(c) || (c) == '.' || (c) == '-')
-#else
-#define CROW_TOKEN(c)            ((c == ' ') ? ' ' : tokens[(unsigned char)c])
-#define CROW_IS_URL_CHAR(c)                                                         \
-  (CROW_BIT_AT(normal_url_char, (unsigned char)c) || ((c) & 0x80))
-#define CROW_IS_HOST_CHAR(c)                                                        \
-  (CROW_IS_ALPHANUM(c) || (c) == '.' || (c) == '-' || (c) == '_')
-#endif
-
-
-#define CROW_start_state (parser->type == HTTP_REQUEST ? s_start_req : s_start_res)
-
-
-#if CROW_HTTP_PARSER_STRICT
-# define CROW_STRICT_CHECK(cond)                                          \
-do {                                                                 \
-  if (cond) {                                                        \
-    CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_STRICT);                                           \
-    goto error;                                                      \
-  }                                                                  \
-} while (0)
-# define CROW_NEW_MESSAGE() (http_should_keep_alive(parser) ? CROW_start_state : s_dead)
-#else
-# define CROW_STRICT_CHECK(cond)
-# define CROW_NEW_MESSAGE() CROW_start_state
-#endif
-
-
-
-int http_message_needs_eof(const http_parser *parser);
-
-/* Our URL parser.
- *
- * This is designed to be shared by http_parser_execute() for URL validation,
- * hence it has a state transition + byte-for-byte interface. In addition, it
- * is meant to be embedded in http_parser_parse_url(), which does the dirty
- * work of turning state transitions URL components for its API.
- *
- * This function should only be invoked with non-space characters. It is
- * assumed that the caller cares about (and can detect) the transition between
- * URL and non-URL states by looking for these.
- */
-inline enum state
-parse_url_char(enum state s, const char ch)
-{
-#if CROW_HTTP_PARSER_STRICT
-# define CROW_T(v) 0
-#else
-# define CROW_T(v) v
-#endif
-
-
-static const uint8_t normal_url_char[32] = {
-/*   0 nul    1 soh    2 stx    3 etx    4 eot    5 enq    6 ack    7 bel  */
-        0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0,
-/*   8 bs     9 ht    10 nl    11 vt    12 np    13 cr    14 so    15 si   */
-        0    | CROW_T(2)   |   0    |   0    | CROW_T(16)  |   0    |   0    |   0,
-/*  16 dle   17 dc1   18 dc2   19 dc3   20 dc4   21 nak   22 syn   23 etb */
-        0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0,
-/*  24 can   25 em    26 sub   27 esc   28 fs    29 gs    30 rs    31 us  */
-        0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0,
-/*  32 sp    33  !    34  "    35  #    36  $    37  %    38  &    39  '  */
-        0    |   2    |   4    |   0    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
-/*  40  (    41  )    42  *    43  +    44  ,    45  -    46  .    47  /  */
-        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
-/*  48  0    49  1    50  2    51  3    52  4    53  5    54  6    55  7  */
-        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
-/*  56  8    57  9    58  :    59  ;    60  <    61  =    62  >    63  ?  */
-        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |   0,
-/*  64  @    65  A    66  B    67  C    68  D    69  E    70  F    71  G  */
-        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
-/*  72  H    73  I    74  J    75  K    76  L    77  M    78  N    79  O  */
-        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
-/*  80  P    81  Q    82  R    83  S    84  CROW_T    85  U    86  V    87  W  */
-        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
-/*  88  X    89  Y    90  Z    91  [    92  \    93  ]    94  ^    95  _  */
-        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
-/*  96  `    97  a    98  b    99  c   100  d   101  e   102  f   103  g  */
-        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
-/* 104  h   105  i   106  j   107  k   108  l   109  m   110  n   111  o  */
-        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
-/* 112  p   113  q   114  r   115  s   116  t   117  u   118  v   119  w  */
-        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
-/* 120  x   121  y   122  z   123  {   124  |   125  }   126  ~   127 del */
-        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |   0, };
-
-#undef CROW_T
-
-  if (ch == ' ' || ch == '\r' || ch == '\n') {
-    return s_dead;
-  }
-
-#if CROW_HTTP_PARSER_STRICT
-  if (ch == '\t' || ch == '\f') {
-    return s_dead;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  switch (s) {
-    case s_req_spaces_before_url:
-      /* Proxied requests are followed by scheme of an absolute URI (alpha).
-       * All methods except CONNECT are followed by '/' or '*'.
-       */
-
-      if (ch == '/' || ch == '*') {
-        return s_req_path;
-      }
-
-      if (CROW_IS_ALPHA(ch)) {
-        return s_req_schema;
-      }
-
-      break;
-
-    case s_req_schema:
-      if (CROW_IS_ALPHA(ch)) {
-        return s;
-      }
-
-      if (ch == ':') {
-        return s_req_schema_slash;
-      }
-
-      break;
-
-    case s_req_schema_slash:
-      if (ch == '/') {
-        return s_req_schema_slash_slash;
-      }
-
-      break;
-
-    case s_req_schema_slash_slash:
-      if (ch == '/') {
-        return s_req_server_start;
-      }
-
-      break;
-
-    case s_req_server_with_at:
-      if (ch == '@') {
-        return s_dead;
-      }
-
-    /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case s_req_server_start:
-    case s_req_server:
-      if (ch == '/') {
-        return s_req_path;
-      }
-
-      if (ch == '?') {
-        return s_req_query_string_start;
-      }
-
-      if (ch == '@') {
-        return s_req_server_with_at;
-      }
-
-      if (CROW_IS_USERINFO_CHAR(ch) || ch == '[' || ch == ']') {
-        return s_req_server;
-      }
-
-      break;
-
-    case s_req_path:
-      if (CROW_IS_URL_CHAR(ch)) {
-        return s;
-      }
-
-      switch (ch) {
-        case '?':
-          return s_req_query_string_start;
-
-        case '#':
-          return s_req_fragment_start;
-      }
-
-      break;
-
-    case s_req_query_string_start:
-    case s_req_query_string:
-      if (CROW_IS_URL_CHAR(ch)) {
-        return s_req_query_string;
-      }
-
-      switch (ch) {
-        case '?':
-          /* allow extra '?' in query string */
-          return s_req_query_string;
-
-        case '#':
-          return s_req_fragment_start;
-      }
-
-      break;
-
-    case s_req_fragment_start:
-      if (CROW_IS_URL_CHAR(ch)) {
-        return s_req_fragment;
-      }
-
-      switch (ch) {
-        case '?':
-          return s_req_fragment;
-
-        case '#':
-          return s;
-      }
-
-      break;
-
-    case s_req_fragment:
-      if (CROW_IS_URL_CHAR(ch)) {
-        return s;
-      }
-
-      switch (ch) {
-        case '?':
-        case '#':
-          return s;
-      }
-
-      break;
-
-    default:
-      break;
-  }
-
-  /* We should never fall out of the switch above unless there's an error */
-  return s_dead;
-}
-
-inline size_t http_parser_execute (http_parser *parser,
-                            const http_parser_settings *settings,
-                            const char *data,
-                            size_t len)
-{
-static const char *method_strings[] =
-  {
-#define CROW_XX(num, name, string) #string,
-  CROW_HTTP_METHOD_MAP(CROW_XX)
-#undef CROW_XX
-  };
-
-/* Tokens as defined by rfc 2616. Also lowercases them.
- *        token       = 1*<any CHAR except CTLs or separators>
- *     separators     = "(" | ")" | "<" | ">" | "@"
- *                    | "," | ";" | ":" | "\" | <">
- *                    | "/" | "[" | "]" | "?" | "="
- *                    | "{" | "}" | SP | HT
- */
-static const char tokens[256] = {
-/*   0 nul    1 soh    2 stx    3 etx    4 eot    5 enq    6 ack    7 bel  */
-        0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,
-/*   8 bs     9 ht    10 nl    11 vt    12 np    13 cr    14 so    15 si   */
-        0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,
-/*  16 dle   17 dc1   18 dc2   19 dc3   20 dc4   21 nak   22 syn   23 etb */
-        0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,
-/*  24 can   25 em    26 sub   27 esc   28 fs    29 gs    30 rs    31 us  */
-        0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,
-/*  32 sp    33  !    34  "    35  #    36  $    37  %    38  &    39  '  */
-        0,      '!',      0,      '#',     '$',     '%',     '&',    '\'',
-/*  40  (    41  )    42  *    43  +    44  ,    45  -    46  .    47  /  */
-        0,       0,      '*',     '+',      0,      '-',     '.',      0,
-/*  48  0    49  1    50  2    51  3    52  4    53  5    54  6    55  7  */
-       '0',     '1',     '2',     '3',     '4',     '5',     '6',     '7',
-/*  56  8    57  9    58  :    59  ;    60  <    61  =    62  >    63  ?  */
-       '8',     '9',      0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,
-/*  64  @    65  A    66  B    67  C    68  D    69  E    70  F    71  G  */
-        0,      'a',     'b',     'c',     'd',     'e',     'f',     'g',
-/*  72  H    73  I    74  J    75  K    76  L    77  M    78  N    79  O  */
-       'h',     'i',     'j',     'k',     'l',     'm',     'n',     'o',
-/*  80  P    81  Q    82  R    83  S    84  T    85  U    86  V    87  W  */
-       'p',     'q',     'r',     's',     't',     'u',     'v',     'w',
-/*  88  X    89  Y    90  Z    91  [    92  \    93  ]    94  ^    95  _  */
-       'x',     'y',     'z',      0,       0,       0,      '^',     '_',
-/*  96  `    97  a    98  b    99  c   100  d   101  e   102  f   103  g  */
-       '`',     'a',     'b',     'c',     'd',     'e',     'f',     'g',
-/* 104  h   105  i   106  j   107  k   108  l   109  m   110  n   111  o  */
-       'h',     'i',     'j',     'k',     'l',     'm',     'n',     'o',
-/* 112  p   113  q   114  r   115  s   116  t   117  u   118  v   119  w  */
-       'p',     'q',     'r',     's',     't',     'u',     'v',     'w',
-/* 120  x   121  y   122  z   123  {   124  |   125  }   126  ~   127 del */
-       'x',     'y',     'z',      0,      '|',      0,      '~',       0 };
-
-
-static const int8_t unhex[256] =
-  {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
-  ,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
-  ,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
-  , 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
-  ,-1,10,11,12,13,14,15,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
-  ,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
-  ,-1,10,11,12,13,14,15,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
-  ,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
-  };
-
-
-
-  char c, ch;
-  int8_t unhex_val;
-  const char *p = data;
-  const char *header_field_mark = 0;
-  const char *header_value_mark = 0;
-  const char *url_mark = 0;
-  const char *body_mark = 0;
-  const char *status_mark = 0;
-
-  /* We're in an error state. Don't bother doing anything. */
-  if (CROW_HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(parser) != HPE_OK) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  if (len == 0) {
-    switch (parser->state) {
-      case s_body_identity_eof:
-        /* Use of CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY() here would erroneously return 1 byte read if
-         * we got paused.
-         */
-        CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY_NOADVANCE(message_complete);
-        return 0;
-
-      case s_dead:
-      case s_start_req_or_res:
-      case s_start_res:
-      case s_start_req:
-        return 0;
-
-      default:
-        CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_EOF_STATE);
-        return 1;
-    }
-  }
-
-
-  if (parser->state == s_header_field)
-    header_field_mark = data;
-  if (parser->state == s_header_value)
-    header_value_mark = data;
-  switch (parser->state) {
-  case s_req_path:
-  case s_req_schema:
-  case s_req_schema_slash:
-  case s_req_schema_slash_slash:
-  case s_req_server_start:
-  case s_req_server:
-  case s_req_server_with_at:
-  case s_req_query_string_start:
-  case s_req_query_string:
-  case s_req_fragment_start:
-  case s_req_fragment:
-    url_mark = data;
-    break;
-  case s_res_status:
-    status_mark = data;
-    break;
-  }
-
-  for (p=data; p != data + len; p++) {
-    ch = *p;
-
-    if (CROW_PARSING_HEADER(parser->state)) {
-      ++parser->nread;
-      /* Don't allow the total size of the HTTP headers (including the status
-       * line) to exceed CROW_HTTP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE.  This check is here to protect
-       * embedders against denial-of-service attacks where the attacker feeds
-       * us a never-ending header that the embedder keeps buffering.
-       *
-       * This check is arguably the responsibility of embedders but we're doing
-       * it on the embedder's behalf because most won't bother and this way we
-       * make the web a little safer.  CROW_HTTP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE is still far bigger
-       * than any reasonable request or response so this should never affect
-       * day-to-day operation.
-       */
-      if (parser->nread > (CROW_HTTP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE)) {
-        CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_HEADER_OVERFLOW);
-        goto error;
-      }
-    }
-
-    reexecute_byte:
-    switch (parser->state) {
-
-      case s_dead:
-        /* this state is used after a 'Connection: close' message
-         * the parser will error out if it reads another message
-         */
-        if (ch == CROW_CR || ch == CROW_LF)
-          break;
-
-        CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_CLOSED_CONNECTION);
-        goto error;
-
-      case s_start_req_or_res:
-      {
-        if (ch == CROW_CR || ch == CROW_LF)
-          break;
-        parser->flags = 0;
-        parser->content_length = CROW_ULLONG_MAX;
-
-        if (ch == 'H') {
-          parser->state = s_res_or_resp_H;
-
-          CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY(message_begin);
-        } else {
-          parser->type = HTTP_REQUEST;
-          parser->state = s_start_req;
-          goto reexecute_byte;
-        }
-
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_res_or_resp_H:
-        if (ch == 'T') {
-          parser->type = HTTP_RESPONSE;
-          parser->state = s_res_HT;
-        } else {
-          if (ch != 'E') {
-            CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CONSTANT);
-            goto error;
-          }
-
-          parser->type = HTTP_REQUEST;
-          parser->method = HTTP_HEAD;
-          parser->index = 2;
-          parser->state = s_req_method;
-        }
-        break;
-
-      case s_start_res:
-      {
-        parser->flags = 0;
-        parser->content_length = CROW_ULLONG_MAX;
-
-        switch (ch) {
-          case 'H':
-            parser->state = s_res_H;
-            break;
-
-          case CROW_CR:
-          case CROW_LF:
-            break;
-
-          default:
-            CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CONSTANT);
-            goto error;
-        }
-
-        CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY(message_begin);
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_res_H:
-        CROW_STRICT_CHECK(ch != 'T');
-        parser->state = s_res_HT;
-        break;
-
-      case s_res_HT:
-        CROW_STRICT_CHECK(ch != 'T');
-        parser->state = s_res_HTT;
-        break;
-
-      case s_res_HTT:
-        CROW_STRICT_CHECK(ch != 'P');
-        parser->state = s_res_HTTP;
-        break;
-
-      case s_res_HTTP:
-        CROW_STRICT_CHECK(ch != '/');
-        parser->state = s_res_first_http_major;
-        break;
-
-      case s_res_first_http_major:
-        if (ch < '0' || ch > '9') {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        parser->http_major = ch - '0';
-        parser->state = s_res_http_major;
-        break;
-
-      /* major HTTP version or dot */
-      case s_res_http_major:
-      {
-        if (ch == '.') {
-          parser->state = s_res_first_http_minor;
-          break;
-        }
-
-        if (!CROW_IS_NUM(ch)) {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        parser->http_major *= 10;
-        parser->http_major += ch - '0';
-
-        if (parser->http_major > 999) {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        break;
-      }
-
-      /* first digit of minor HTTP version */
-      case s_res_first_http_minor:
-        if (!CROW_IS_NUM(ch)) {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        parser->http_minor = ch - '0';
-        parser->state = s_res_http_minor;
-        break;
-
-      /* minor HTTP version or end of request line */
-      case s_res_http_minor:
-      {
-        if (ch == ' ') {
-          parser->state = s_res_first_status_code;
-          break;
-        }
-
-        if (!CROW_IS_NUM(ch)) {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        parser->http_minor *= 10;
-        parser->http_minor += ch - '0';
-
-        if (parser->http_minor > 999) {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_res_first_status_code:
-      {
-        if (!CROW_IS_NUM(ch)) {
-          if (ch == ' ') {
-            break;
-          }
-
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_STATUS);
-          goto error;
-        }
-        parser->status_code = ch - '0';
-        parser->state = s_res_status_code;
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_res_status_code:
-      {
-        if (!CROW_IS_NUM(ch)) {
-          switch (ch) {
-            case ' ':
-              parser->state = s_res_status_start;
-              break;
-            case CROW_CR:
-              parser->state = s_res_line_almost_done;
-              break;
-            case CROW_LF:
-              parser->state = s_header_field_start;
-              break;
-            default:
-              CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_STATUS);
-              goto error;
-          }
-          break;
-        }
-
-        parser->status_code *= 10;
-        parser->status_code += ch - '0';
-
-        if (parser->status_code > 999) {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_STATUS);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_res_status_start:
-      {
-        if (ch == CROW_CR) {
-          parser->state = s_res_line_almost_done;
-          break;
-        }
-
-        if (ch == CROW_LF) {
-          parser->state = s_header_field_start;
-          break;
-        }
-
-        CROW_MARK(status);
-        parser->state = s_res_status;
-        parser->index = 0;
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_res_status:
-        if (ch == CROW_CR) {
-          parser->state = s_res_line_almost_done;
-          CROW_CALLBACK_DATA(status);
-          break;
-        }
-
-        if (ch == CROW_LF) {
-          parser->state = s_header_field_start;
-          CROW_CALLBACK_DATA(status);
-          break;
-        }
-
-        break;
-
-      case s_res_line_almost_done:
-        CROW_STRICT_CHECK(ch != CROW_LF);
-        parser->state = s_header_field_start;
-        break;
-
-      case s_start_req:
-      {
-        if (ch == CROW_CR || ch == CROW_LF)
-          break;
-        parser->flags = 0;
-        parser->content_length = CROW_ULLONG_MAX;
-
-        if (!CROW_IS_ALPHA(ch)) {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_METHOD);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        parser->method = (enum http_method) 0;
-        parser->index = 1;
-        switch (ch) {
-          case 'C': parser->method = HTTP_CONNECT; /* or COPY, CHECKOUT */ break;
-          case 'D': parser->method = HTTP_DELETE; break;
-          case 'G': parser->method = HTTP_GET; break;
-          case 'H': parser->method = HTTP_HEAD; break;
-          case 'L': parser->method = HTTP_LOCK; break;
-          case 'M': parser->method = HTTP_MKCOL; /* or MOVE, MKACTIVITY, MERGE, M-SEARCH, MKCALENDAR */ break;
-          case 'N': parser->method = HTTP_NOTIFY; break;
-          case 'O': parser->method = HTTP_OPTIONS; break;
-          case 'P': parser->method = HTTP_POST;
-            /* or PROPFIND|PROPPATCH|PUT|PATCH|PURGE */
-            break;
-          case 'R': parser->method = HTTP_REPORT; break;
-          case 'S': parser->method = HTTP_SUBSCRIBE; /* or SEARCH */ break;
-          case 'T': parser->method = HTTP_TRACE; break;
-          case 'U': parser->method = HTTP_UNLOCK; /* or UNSUBSCRIBE */ break;
-          default:
-            CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_METHOD);
-            goto error;
-        }
-        parser->state = s_req_method;
-
-        CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY(message_begin);
-
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_req_method:
-      {
-        const char *matcher;
-        if (ch == '\0') {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_METHOD);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        matcher = method_strings[parser->method];
-        if (ch == ' ' && matcher[parser->index] == '\0') {
-          parser->state = s_req_spaces_before_url;
-        } else if (ch == matcher[parser->index]) {
-          ; /* nada */
-        } else if (parser->method == HTTP_CONNECT) {
-          if (parser->index == 1 && ch == 'H') {
-            parser->method = HTTP_CHECKOUT;
-          } else if (parser->index == 2  && ch == 'P') {
-            parser->method = HTTP_COPY;
-          } else {
-            CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_METHOD);
-            goto error;
-          }
-        } else if (parser->method == HTTP_MKCOL) {
-          if (parser->index == 1 && ch == 'O') {
-            parser->method = HTTP_MOVE;
-          } else if (parser->index == 1 && ch == 'E') {
-            parser->method = HTTP_MERGE;
-          } else if (parser->index == 1 && ch == '-') {
-            parser->method = HTTP_MSEARCH;
-          } else if (parser->index == 2 && ch == 'A') {
-            parser->method = HTTP_MKACTIVITY;
-          } else if (parser->index == 3 && ch == 'A') {
-            parser->method = HTTP_MKCALENDAR;
-          } else {
-            CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_METHOD);
-            goto error;
-          }
-        } else if (parser->method == HTTP_SUBSCRIBE) {
-          if (parser->index == 1 && ch == 'E') {
-            parser->method = HTTP_SEARCH;
-          } else {
-            CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_METHOD);
-            goto error;
-          }
-        } else if (parser->index == 1 && parser->method == HTTP_POST) {
-          if (ch == 'R') {
-            parser->method = HTTP_PROPFIND; /* or HTTP_PROPPATCH */
-          } else if (ch == 'U') {
-            parser->method = HTTP_PUT; /* or HTTP_PURGE */
-          } else if (ch == 'A') {
-            parser->method = HTTP_PATCH;
-          } else {
-            CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_METHOD);
-            goto error;
-          }
-        } else if (parser->index == 2) {
-          if (parser->method == HTTP_PUT) {
-            if (ch == 'R') {
-              parser->method = HTTP_PURGE;
-            } else {
-              CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_METHOD);
-              goto error;
-            }
-          } else if (parser->method == HTTP_UNLOCK) {
-            if (ch == 'S') {
-              parser->method = HTTP_UNSUBSCRIBE;
-            } else {
-              CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_METHOD);
-              goto error;
-            }
-          } else {
-            CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_METHOD);
-            goto error;
-          }
-        } else if (parser->index == 4 && parser->method == HTTP_PROPFIND && ch == 'P') {
-          parser->method = HTTP_PROPPATCH;
-        } else {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_METHOD);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        ++parser->index;
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_req_spaces_before_url:
-      {
-        if (ch == ' ') break;
-
-        CROW_MARK(url);
-        if (parser->method == HTTP_CONNECT) {
-          parser->state = s_req_server_start;
-        }
-
-        parser->state = parse_url_char((enum state)parser->state, ch);
-        if (parser->state == s_dead) {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_URL);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_req_schema:
-      case s_req_schema_slash:
-      case s_req_schema_slash_slash:
-      case s_req_server_start:
-      {
-        switch (ch) {
-          /* No whitespace allowed here */
-          case ' ':
-          case CROW_CR:
-          case CROW_LF:
-            CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_URL);
-            goto error;
-          default:
-            parser->state = parse_url_char((enum state)parser->state, ch);
-            if (parser->state == s_dead) {
-              CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_URL);
-              goto error;
-            }
-        }
-
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_req_server:
-      case s_req_server_with_at:
-      case s_req_path:
-      case s_req_query_string_start:
-      case s_req_query_string:
-      case s_req_fragment_start:
-      case s_req_fragment:
-      {
-        switch (ch) {
-          case ' ':
-            parser->state = s_req_http_start;
-            CROW_CALLBACK_DATA(url);
-            break;
-          case CROW_CR:
-          case CROW_LF:
-            parser->http_major = 0;
-            parser->http_minor = 9;
-            parser->state = (ch == CROW_CR) ?
-              s_req_line_almost_done :
-              s_header_field_start;
-            CROW_CALLBACK_DATA(url);
-            break;
-          default:
-            parser->state = parse_url_char((enum state)parser->state, ch);
-            if (parser->state == s_dead) {
-              CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_URL);
-              goto error;
-            }
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_req_http_start:
-        switch (ch) {
-          case 'H':
-            parser->state = s_req_http_H;
-            break;
-          case ' ':
-            break;
-          default:
-            CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CONSTANT);
-            goto error;
-        }
-        break;
-
-      case s_req_http_H:
-        CROW_STRICT_CHECK(ch != 'T');
-        parser->state = s_req_http_HT;
-        break;
-
-      case s_req_http_HT:
-        CROW_STRICT_CHECK(ch != 'T');
-        parser->state = s_req_http_HTT;
-        break;
-
-      case s_req_http_HTT:
-        CROW_STRICT_CHECK(ch != 'P');
-        parser->state = s_req_http_HTTP;
-        break;
-
-      case s_req_http_HTTP:
-        CROW_STRICT_CHECK(ch != '/');
-        parser->state = s_req_first_http_major;
-        break;
-
-      /* first digit of major HTTP version */
-      case s_req_first_http_major:
-        if (ch < '1' || ch > '9') {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        parser->http_major = ch - '0';
-        parser->state = s_req_http_major;
-        break;
-
-      /* major HTTP version or dot */
-      case s_req_http_major:
-      {
-        if (ch == '.') {
-          parser->state = s_req_first_http_minor;
-          break;
-        }
-
-        if (!CROW_IS_NUM(ch)) {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        parser->http_major *= 10;
-        parser->http_major += ch - '0';
-
-        if (parser->http_major > 999) {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        break;
-      }
-
-      /* first digit of minor HTTP version */
-      case s_req_first_http_minor:
-        if (!CROW_IS_NUM(ch)) {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        parser->http_minor = ch - '0';
-        parser->state = s_req_http_minor;
-        break;
-
-      /* minor HTTP version or end of request line */
-      case s_req_http_minor:
-      {
-        if (ch == CROW_CR) {
-          parser->state = s_req_line_almost_done;
-          break;
-        }
-
-        if (ch == CROW_LF) {
-          parser->state = s_header_field_start;
-          break;
-        }
-
-        /* XXX allow spaces after digit? */
-
-        if (!CROW_IS_NUM(ch)) {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        parser->http_minor *= 10;
-        parser->http_minor += ch - '0';
-
-        if (parser->http_minor > 999) {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        break;
-      }
-
-      /* end of request line */
-      case s_req_line_almost_done:
-      {
-        if (ch != CROW_LF) {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_LF_EXPECTED);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        parser->state = s_header_field_start;
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_header_field_start:
-      {
-        if (ch == CROW_CR) {
-          parser->state = s_headers_almost_done;
-          break;
-        }
-
-        if (ch == CROW_LF) {
-          /* they might be just sending \n instead of \r\n so this would be
-           * the second \n to denote the end of headers*/
-          parser->state = s_headers_almost_done;
-          goto reexecute_byte;
-        }
-
-        c = CROW_TOKEN(ch);
-
-        if (!c) {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_HEADER_TOKEN);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        CROW_MARK(header_field);
-
-        parser->index = 0;
-        parser->state = s_header_field;
-
-        switch (c) {
-          case 'c':
-            parser->header_state = h_C;
-            break;
-
-          case 'p':
-            parser->header_state = h_matching_proxy_connection;
-            break;
-
-          case 't':
-            parser->header_state = h_matching_transfer_encoding;
-            break;
-
-          case 'u':
-            parser->header_state = h_matching_upgrade;
-            break;
-
-          default:
-            parser->header_state = h_general;
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_header_field:
-      {
-        c = CROW_TOKEN(ch);
-
-        if (c) {
-          switch (parser->header_state) {
-            case h_general:
-              break;
-
-            case h_C:
-              parser->index++;
-              parser->header_state = (c == 'o' ? h_CO : h_general);
-              break;
-
-            case h_CO:
-              parser->index++;
-              parser->header_state = (c == 'n' ? h_CON : h_general);
-              break;
-
-            case h_CON:
-              parser->index++;
-              switch (c) {
-                case 'n':
-                  parser->header_state = h_matching_connection;
-                  break;
-                case 't':
-                  parser->header_state = h_matching_content_length;
-                  break;
-                default:
-                  parser->header_state = h_general;
-                  break;
-              }
-              break;
-
-            /* connection */
-
-            case h_matching_connection:
-              parser->index++;
-              if (parser->index > sizeof(CROW_CONNECTION)-1
-                  || c != CROW_CONNECTION[parser->index]) {
-                parser->header_state = h_general;
-              } else if (parser->index == sizeof(CROW_CONNECTION)-2) {
-                parser->header_state = h_connection;
-              }
-              break;
-
-            /* proxy-connection */
-
-            case h_matching_proxy_connection:
-              parser->index++;
-              if (parser->index > sizeof(CROW_PROXY_CONNECTION)-1
-                  || c != CROW_PROXY_CONNECTION[parser->index]) {
-                parser->header_state = h_general;
-              } else if (parser->index == sizeof(CROW_PROXY_CONNECTION)-2) {
-                parser->header_state = h_connection;
-              }
-              break;
-
-            /* content-length */
-
-            case h_matching_content_length:
-              parser->index++;
-              if (parser->index > sizeof(CROW_CONTENT_LENGTH)-1
-                  || c != CROW_CONTENT_LENGTH[parser->index]) {
-                parser->header_state = h_general;
-              } else if (parser->index == sizeof(CROW_CONTENT_LENGTH)-2) {
-                parser->header_state = h_content_length;
-              }
-              break;
-
-            /* transfer-encoding */
-
-            case h_matching_transfer_encoding:
-              parser->index++;
-              if (parser->index > sizeof(CROW_TRANSFER_ENCODING)-1
-                  || c != CROW_TRANSFER_ENCODING[parser->index]) {
-                parser->header_state = h_general;
-              } else if (parser->index == sizeof(CROW_TRANSFER_ENCODING)-2) {
-                parser->header_state = h_transfer_encoding;
-              }
-              break;
-
-            /* upgrade */
-
-            case h_matching_upgrade:
-              parser->index++;
-              if (parser->index > sizeof(CROW_UPGRADE)-1
-                  || c != CROW_UPGRADE[parser->index]) {
-                parser->header_state = h_general;
-              } else if (parser->index == sizeof(CROW_UPGRADE)-2) {
-                parser->header_state = h_upgrade;
-              }
-              break;
-
-            case h_connection:
-            case h_content_length:
-            case h_transfer_encoding:
-            case h_upgrade:
-              if (ch != ' ') parser->header_state = h_general;
-              break;
-
-            default:
-              assert(0 && "Unknown header_state");
-              break;
-          }
-          break;
-        }
-
-        if (ch == ':') {
-          parser->state = s_header_value_discard_ws;
-          CROW_CALLBACK_DATA(header_field);
-          break;
-        }
-
-        if (ch == CROW_CR) {
-          parser->state = s_header_almost_done;
-          CROW_CALLBACK_DATA(header_field);
-          break;
-        }
-
-        if (ch == CROW_LF) {
-          parser->state = s_header_field_start;
-          CROW_CALLBACK_DATA(header_field);
-          break;
-        }
-
-        CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_HEADER_TOKEN);
-        goto error;
-      }
-
-      case s_header_value_discard_ws:
-        if (ch == ' ' || ch == '\t') break;
-
-        if (ch == CROW_CR) {
-          parser->state = s_header_value_discard_ws_almost_done;
-          break;
-        }
-
-        if (ch == CROW_LF) {
-          parser->state = s_header_value_discard_lws;
-          break;
-        }
-
-        /* FALLTHROUGH */
-
-      case s_header_value_start:
-      {
-        CROW_MARK(header_value);
-
-        parser->state = s_header_value;
-        parser->index = 0;
-
-        c = CROW_LOWER(ch);
-
-        switch (parser->header_state) {
-          case h_upgrade:
-            parser->flags |= F_UPGRADE;
-            parser->header_state = h_general;
-            break;
-
-          case h_transfer_encoding:
-            /* looking for 'Transfer-Encoding: chunked' */
-            if ('c' == c) {
-              parser->header_state = h_matching_transfer_encoding_chunked;
-            } else {
-              parser->header_state = h_general;
-            }
-            break;
-
-          case h_content_length:
-            if (!CROW_IS_NUM(ch)) {
-              CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CONTENT_LENGTH);
-              goto error;
-            }
-
-            parser->content_length = ch - '0';
-            break;
-
-          case h_connection:
-            /* looking for 'Connection: keep-alive' */
-            if (c == 'k') {
-              parser->header_state = h_matching_connection_keep_alive;
-            /* looking for 'Connection: close' */
-            } else if (c == 'c') {
-              parser->header_state = h_matching_connection_close;
-            } else {
-              parser->header_state = h_general;
-            }
-            break;
-
-          default:
-            parser->header_state = h_general;
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_header_value:
-      {
-
-        if (ch == CROW_CR) {
-          parser->state = s_header_almost_done;
-          CROW_CALLBACK_DATA(header_value);
-          break;
-        }
-
-        if (ch == CROW_LF) {
-          parser->state = s_header_almost_done;
-          CROW_CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE(header_value);
-          goto reexecute_byte;
-        }
-
-        c = CROW_LOWER(ch);
-
-        switch (parser->header_state) {
-          case h_general:
-            break;
-
-          case h_connection:
-          case h_transfer_encoding:
-            assert(0 && "Shouldn't get here.");
-            break;
-
-          case h_content_length:
-          {
-            uint64_t t;
-
-            if (ch == ' ') break;
-
-            if (!CROW_IS_NUM(ch)) {
-              CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CONTENT_LENGTH);
-              goto error;
-            }
-
-            t = parser->content_length;
-            t *= 10;
-            t += ch - '0';
-
-            /* Overflow? Test against a conservative limit for simplicity. */
-            if ((CROW_ULLONG_MAX - 10) / 10 < parser->content_length) {
-              CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CONTENT_LENGTH);
-              goto error;
-            }
-
-            parser->content_length = t;
-            break;
-          }
-
-          /* Transfer-Encoding: chunked */
-          case h_matching_transfer_encoding_chunked:
-            parser->index++;
-            if (parser->index > sizeof(CROW_CHUNKED)-1
-                || c != CROW_CHUNKED[parser->index]) {
-              parser->header_state = h_general;
-            } else if (parser->index == sizeof(CROW_CHUNKED)-2) {
-              parser->header_state = h_transfer_encoding_chunked;
-            }
-            break;
-
-          /* looking for 'Connection: keep-alive' */
-          case h_matching_connection_keep_alive:
-            parser->index++;
-            if (parser->index > sizeof(CROW_KEEP_ALIVE)-1
-                || c != CROW_KEEP_ALIVE[parser->index]) {
-              parser->header_state = h_general;
-            } else if (parser->index == sizeof(CROW_KEEP_ALIVE)-2) {
-              parser->header_state = h_connection_keep_alive;
-            }
-            break;
-
-          /* looking for 'Connection: close' */
-          case h_matching_connection_close:
-            parser->index++;
-            if (parser->index > sizeof(CROW_CLOSE)-1 || c != CROW_CLOSE[parser->index]) {
-              parser->header_state = h_general;
-            } else if (parser->index == sizeof(CROW_CLOSE)-2) {
-              parser->header_state = h_connection_close;
-            }
-            break;
-
-          case h_transfer_encoding_chunked:
-          case h_connection_keep_alive:
-          case h_connection_close:
-            if (ch != ' ') parser->header_state = h_general;
-            break;
-
-          default:
-            parser->state = s_header_value;
-            parser->header_state = h_general;
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_header_almost_done:
-      {
-        CROW_STRICT_CHECK(ch != CROW_LF);
-
-        parser->state = s_header_value_lws;
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_header_value_lws:
-      {
-        if (ch == ' ' || ch == '\t') {
-          parser->state = s_header_value_start;
-          goto reexecute_byte;
-        }
-
-        /* finished the header */
-        switch (parser->header_state) {
-          case h_connection_keep_alive:
-            parser->flags |= F_CONNECTION_KEEP_ALIVE;
-            break;
-          case h_connection_close:
-            parser->flags |= F_CONNECTION_CLOSE;
-            break;
-          case h_transfer_encoding_chunked:
-            parser->flags |= F_CHUNKED;
-            break;
-          default:
-            break;
-        }
-
-        parser->state = s_header_field_start;
-        goto reexecute_byte;
-      }
-
-      case s_header_value_discard_ws_almost_done:
-      {
-        CROW_STRICT_CHECK(ch != CROW_LF);
-        parser->state = s_header_value_discard_lws;
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_header_value_discard_lws:
-      {
-        if (ch == ' ' || ch == '\t') {
-          parser->state = s_header_value_discard_ws;
-          break;
-        } else {
-          /* header value was empty */
-          CROW_MARK(header_value);
-          parser->state = s_header_field_start;
-          CROW_CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE(header_value);
-          goto reexecute_byte;
-        }
-      }
-
-      case s_headers_almost_done:
-      {
-        CROW_STRICT_CHECK(ch != CROW_LF);
-
-        if (parser->flags & F_TRAILING) {
-          /* End of a chunked request */
-          parser->state = CROW_NEW_MESSAGE();
-          CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY(message_complete);
-          break;
-        }
-
-        parser->state = s_headers_done;
-
-        /* Set this here so that on_headers_complete() callbacks can see it */
-        parser->upgrade =
-          (parser->flags & F_UPGRADE || parser->method == HTTP_CONNECT);
-
-        /* Here we call the headers_complete callback. This is somewhat
-         * different than other callbacks because if the user returns 1, we
-         * will interpret that as saying that this message has no body. This
-         * is needed for the annoying case of recieving a response to a HEAD
-         * request.
-         *
-         * We'd like to use CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY_NOADVANCE() here but we cannot, so
-         * we have to simulate it by handling a change in errno below.
-         */
-        if (settings->on_headers_complete) {
-          switch (settings->on_headers_complete(parser)) {
-            case 0:
-              break;
-
-            case 1:
-              parser->flags |= F_SKIPBODY;
-              break;
-
-            default:
-              CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_CB_headers_complete);
-              return p - data; /* Error */
-          }
-        }
-
-        if (CROW_HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(parser) != HPE_OK) {
-          return p - data;
-        }
-
-        goto reexecute_byte;
-      }
-
-      case s_headers_done:
-      {
-        CROW_STRICT_CHECK(ch != CROW_LF);
-
-        parser->nread = 0;
-
-        /* Exit, the rest of the connect is in a different protocol. */
-        if (parser->upgrade) {
-          parser->state = CROW_NEW_MESSAGE();
-          CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY(message_complete);
-          return (p - data) + 1;
-        }
-
-        if (parser->flags & F_SKIPBODY) {
-          parser->state = CROW_NEW_MESSAGE();
-          CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY(message_complete);
-        } else if (parser->flags & F_CHUNKED) {
-          /* chunked encoding - ignore Content-Length header */
-          parser->state = s_chunk_size_start;
-        } else {
-          if (parser->content_length == 0) {
-            /* Content-Length header given but zero: Content-Length: 0\r\n */
-            parser->state = CROW_NEW_MESSAGE();
-            CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY(message_complete);
-          } else if (parser->content_length != CROW_ULLONG_MAX) {
-            /* Content-Length header given and non-zero */
-            parser->state = s_body_identity;
-          } else {
-            if (parser->type == HTTP_REQUEST ||
-                !http_message_needs_eof(parser)) {
-              /* Assume content-length 0 - read the next */
-              parser->state = CROW_NEW_MESSAGE();
-              CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY(message_complete);
-            } else {
-              /* Read body until EOF */
-              parser->state = s_body_identity_eof;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_body_identity:
-      {
-        uint64_t to_read = CROW_MIN(parser->content_length,
-                               (uint64_t) ((data + len) - p));
-
-        assert(parser->content_length != 0
-            && parser->content_length != CROW_ULLONG_MAX);
-
-        /* The difference between advancing content_length and p is because
-         * the latter will automaticaly advance on the next loop iteration.
-         * Further, if content_length ends up at 0, we want to see the last
-         * byte again for our message complete callback.
-         */
-        CROW_MARK(body);
-        parser->content_length -= to_read;
-        p += to_read - 1;
-
-        if (parser->content_length == 0) {
-          parser->state = s_message_done;
-
-          /* Mimic CROW_CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE() but with one extra byte.
-           *
-           * The alternative to doing this is to wait for the next byte to
-           * trigger the data callback, just as in every other case. The
-           * problem with this is that this makes it difficult for the test
-           * harness to distinguish between complete-on-EOF and
-           * complete-on-length. It's not clear that this distinction is
-           * important for applications, but let's keep it for now.
-           */
-          CROW_CALLBACK_DATA_(body, p - body_mark + 1, p - data);
-          goto reexecute_byte;
-        }
-
-        break;
-      }
-
-      /* read until EOF */
-      case s_body_identity_eof:
-        CROW_MARK(body);
-        p = data + len - 1;
-
-        break;
-
-      case s_message_done:
-        parser->state = CROW_NEW_MESSAGE();
-        CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY(message_complete);
-        break;
-
-      case s_chunk_size_start:
-      {
-        assert(parser->nread == 1);
-        assert(parser->flags & F_CHUNKED);
-
-        unhex_val = unhex[(unsigned char)ch];
-        if (unhex_val == -1) {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CHUNK_SIZE);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        parser->content_length = unhex_val;
-        parser->state = s_chunk_size;
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_chunk_size:
-      {
-        uint64_t t;
-
-        assert(parser->flags & F_CHUNKED);
-
-        if (ch == CROW_CR) {
-          parser->state = s_chunk_size_almost_done;
-          break;
-        }
-
-        unhex_val = unhex[(unsigned char)ch];
-
-        if (unhex_val == -1) {
-          if (ch == ';' || ch == ' ') {
-            parser->state = s_chunk_parameters;
-            break;
-          }
-
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CHUNK_SIZE);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        t = parser->content_length;
-        t *= 16;
-        t += unhex_val;
-
-        /* Overflow? Test against a conservative limit for simplicity. */
-        if ((CROW_ULLONG_MAX - 16) / 16 < parser->content_length) {
-          CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CONTENT_LENGTH);
-          goto error;
-        }
-
-        parser->content_length = t;
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_chunk_parameters:
-      {
-        assert(parser->flags & F_CHUNKED);
-        /* just ignore this shit. TODO check for overflow */
-        if (ch == CROW_CR) {
-          parser->state = s_chunk_size_almost_done;
-          break;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_chunk_size_almost_done:
-      {
-        assert(parser->flags & F_CHUNKED);
-        CROW_STRICT_CHECK(ch != CROW_LF);
-
-        parser->nread = 0;
-
-        if (parser->content_length == 0) {
-          parser->flags |= F_TRAILING;
-          parser->state = s_header_field_start;
-        } else {
-          parser->state = s_chunk_data;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_chunk_data:
-      {
-        uint64_t to_read = CROW_MIN(parser->content_length,
-                               (uint64_t) ((data + len) - p));
-
-        assert(parser->flags & F_CHUNKED);
-        assert(parser->content_length != 0
-            && parser->content_length != CROW_ULLONG_MAX);
-
-        /* See the explanation in s_body_identity for why the content
-         * length and data pointers are managed this way.
-         */
-        CROW_MARK(body);
-        parser->content_length -= to_read;
-        p += to_read - 1;
-
-        if (parser->content_length == 0) {
-          parser->state = s_chunk_data_almost_done;
-        }
-
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case s_chunk_data_almost_done:
-        assert(parser->flags & F_CHUNKED);
-        assert(parser->content_length == 0);
-        CROW_STRICT_CHECK(ch != CROW_CR);
-        parser->state = s_chunk_data_done;
-        CROW_CALLBACK_DATA(body);
-        break;
-
-      case s_chunk_data_done:
-        assert(parser->flags & F_CHUNKED);
-        CROW_STRICT_CHECK(ch != CROW_LF);
-        parser->nread = 0;
-        parser->state = s_chunk_size_start;
-        break;
-
-      default:
-        assert(0 && "unhandled state");
-        CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_INTERNAL_STATE);
-        goto error;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Run callbacks for any marks that we have leftover after we ran our of
-   * bytes. There should be at most one of these set, so it's OK to invoke
-   * them in series (unset marks will not result in callbacks).
-   *
-   * We use the NOADVANCE() variety of callbacks here because 'p' has already
-   * overflowed 'data' and this allows us to correct for the off-by-one that
-   * we'd otherwise have (since CROW_CALLBACK_DATA() is meant to be run with a 'p'
-   * value that's in-bounds).
-   */
-
-  assert(((header_field_mark ? 1 : 0) +
-          (header_value_mark ? 1 : 0) +
-          (url_mark ? 1 : 0)  +
-          (body_mark ? 1 : 0) +
-          (status_mark ? 1 : 0)) <= 1);
-
-  CROW_CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE(header_field);
-  CROW_CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE(header_value);
-  CROW_CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE(url);
-  CROW_CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE(body);
-  CROW_CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE(status);
-
-  return len;
-
-error:
-  if (CROW_HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(parser) == HPE_OK) {
-    CROW_SET_ERRNO(HPE_UNKNOWN);
-  }
-
-  return (p - data);
-}
-
-
-/* Does the parser need to see an EOF to find the end of the message? */
-inline int
-http_message_needs_eof (const http_parser *parser)
-{
-  if (parser->type == HTTP_REQUEST) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  /* See RFC 2616 section 4.4 */
-  if (parser->status_code / 100 == 1 || /* 1xx e.g. Continue */
-      parser->status_code == 204 ||     /* No Content */
-      parser->status_code == 304 ||     /* Not Modified */
-      parser->flags & F_SKIPBODY) {     /* response to a HEAD request */
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  if ((parser->flags & F_CHUNKED) || parser->content_length != CROW_ULLONG_MAX) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  return 1;
-}
-
-
-inline int
-http_should_keep_alive (const http_parser *parser)
-{
-  if (parser->http_major > 0 && parser->http_minor > 0) {
-    /* HTTP/1.1 */
-    if (parser->flags & F_CONNECTION_CLOSE) {
-      return 0;
-    }
-  } else {
-    /* HTTP/1.0 or earlier */
-    if (!(parser->flags & F_CONNECTION_KEEP_ALIVE)) {
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return !http_message_needs_eof(parser);
-}
-
-
-inline const char *
-http_method_str (enum http_method m)
-{
-static const char *method_strings[] =
-  {
-#define CROW_XX(num, name, string) #string,
-  CROW_HTTP_METHOD_MAP(CROW_XX)
-#undef CROW_XX
-  };
-  return CROW_ELEM_AT(method_strings, m, "<unknown>");
-}
-
-
-inline void
-http_parser_init (http_parser *parser, enum http_parser_type t)
-{
-  void *data = parser->data; /* preserve application data */
-  memset(parser, 0, sizeof(*parser));
-  parser->data = data;
-  parser->type = t;
-  parser->state = (t == HTTP_REQUEST ? s_start_req : (t == HTTP_RESPONSE ? s_start_res : s_start_req_or_res));
-  parser->http_errno = HPE_OK;
-}
-
-inline const char *
-http_errno_name(enum http_errno err) {
-/* Map errno values to strings for human-readable output */
-#define CROW_HTTP_STRERROR_GEN(n, s) { "HPE_" #n, s },
-static struct {
-  const char *name;
-  const char *description;
-} http_strerror_tab[] = {
-  CROW_HTTP_ERRNO_MAP(CROW_HTTP_STRERROR_GEN)
-};
-#undef CROW_HTTP_STRERROR_GEN
-  assert(err < (sizeof(http_strerror_tab)/sizeof(http_strerror_tab[0])));
-  return http_strerror_tab[err].name;
-}
-
-inline const char *
-http_errno_description(enum http_errno err) {
-/* Map errno values to strings for human-readable output */
-#define CROW_HTTP_STRERROR_GEN(n, s) { "HPE_" #n, s },
-static struct {
-  const char *name;
-  const char *description;
-} http_strerror_tab[] = {
-  CROW_HTTP_ERRNO_MAP(CROW_HTTP_STRERROR_GEN)
-};
-#undef CROW_HTTP_STRERROR_GEN
-  assert(err < (sizeof(http_strerror_tab)/sizeof(http_strerror_tab[0])));
-  return http_strerror_tab[err].description;
-}
-
-inline static enum http_host_state
-http_parse_host_char(enum http_host_state s, const char ch) {
-  switch(s) {
-    case s_http_userinfo:
-    case s_http_userinfo_start:
-      if (ch == '@') {
-        return s_http_host_start;
-      }
-
-      if (CROW_IS_USERINFO_CHAR(ch)) {
-        return s_http_userinfo;
-      }
-      break;
-
-    case s_http_host_start:
-      if (ch == '[') {
-        return s_http_host_v6_start;
-      }
-
-      if (CROW_IS_HOST_CHAR(ch)) {
-        return s_http_host;
-      }
-
-      break;
-
-    case s_http_host:
-      if (CROW_IS_HOST_CHAR(ch)) {
-        return s_http_host;
-      }
-
-    /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case s_http_host_v6_end:
-      if (ch == ':') {
-        return s_http_host_port_start;
-      }
-
-      break;
-
-    case s_http_host_v6:
-      if (ch == ']') {
-        return s_http_host_v6_end;
-      }
-
-    /* FALLTHROUGH */
-    case s_http_host_v6_start:
-      if (CROW_IS_HEX(ch) || ch == ':' || ch == '.') {
-        return s_http_host_v6;
-      }
-
-      break;
-
-    case s_http_host_port:
-    case s_http_host_port_start:
-      if (CROW_IS_NUM(ch)) {
-        return s_http_host_port;
-      }
-
-      break;
-
-    default:
-      break;
-  }
-  return s_http_host_dead;
-}
-
-inline int
-http_parse_host(const char * buf, struct http_parser_url *u, int found_at) {
-  enum http_host_state s;
-
-  const char *p;
-  size_t buflen = u->field_data[UF_HOST].off + u->field_data[UF_HOST].len;
-
-  u->field_data[UF_HOST].len = 0;
-
-  s = found_at ? s_http_userinfo_start : s_http_host_start;
-
-  for (p = buf + u->field_data[UF_HOST].off; p < buf + buflen; p++) {
-    enum http_host_state new_s = http_parse_host_char(s, *p);
-
-    if (new_s == s_http_host_dead) {
-      return 1;
-    }
-
-    switch(new_s) {
-      case s_http_host:
-        if (s != s_http_host) {
-          u->field_data[UF_HOST].off = p - buf;
-        }
-        u->field_data[UF_HOST].len++;
-        break;
-
-      case s_http_host_v6:
-        if (s != s_http_host_v6) {
-          u->field_data[UF_HOST].off = p - buf;
-        }
-        u->field_data[UF_HOST].len++;
-        break;
-
-      case s_http_host_port:
-        if (s != s_http_host_port) {
-          u->field_data[UF_PORT].off = p - buf;
-          u->field_data[UF_PORT].len = 0;
-          u->field_set |= (1 << UF_PORT);
-        }
-        u->field_data[UF_PORT].len++;
-        break;
-
-      case s_http_userinfo:
-        if (s != s_http_userinfo) {
-          u->field_data[UF_USERINFO].off = p - buf ;
-          u->field_data[UF_USERINFO].len = 0;
-          u->field_set |= (1 << UF_USERINFO);
-        }
-        u->field_data[UF_USERINFO].len++;
-        break;
-
-      default:
-        break;
-    }
-    s = new_s;
-  }
-
-  /* Make sure we don't end somewhere unexpected */
-  switch (s) {
-    case s_http_host_start:
-    case s_http_host_v6_start:
-    case s_http_host_v6:
-    case s_http_host_port_start:
-    case s_http_userinfo:
-    case s_http_userinfo_start:
-      return 1;
-    default:
-      break;
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-inline int
-http_parser_parse_url(const char *buf, size_t buflen, int is_connect,
-                      struct http_parser_url *u)
-{
-  enum state s;
-  const char *p;
-  enum http_parser_url_fields uf, old_uf;
-  int found_at = 0;
-
-  u->port = u->field_set = 0;
-  s = is_connect ? s_req_server_start : s_req_spaces_before_url;
-  old_uf = UF_MAX;
-
-  for (p = buf; p < buf + buflen; p++) {
-    s = parse_url_char(s, *p);
-
-    /* Figure out the next field that we're operating on */
-    switch (s) {
-      case s_dead:
-        return 1;
-
-      /* Skip delimeters */
-      case s_req_schema_slash:
-      case s_req_schema_slash_slash:
-      case s_req_server_start:
-      case s_req_query_string_start:
-      case s_req_fragment_start:
-        continue;
-
-      case s_req_schema:
-        uf = UF_SCHEMA;
-        break;
-
-      case s_req_server_with_at:
-        found_at = 1;
-
-      /* FALLTROUGH */
-      case s_req_server:
-        uf = UF_HOST;
-        break;
-
-      case s_req_path:
-        uf = UF_PATH;
-        break;
-
-      case s_req_query_string:
-        uf = UF_QUERY;
-        break;
-
-      case s_req_fragment:
-        uf = UF_FRAGMENT;
-        break;
-
-      default:
-        assert(!"Unexpected state");
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    /* Nothing's changed; soldier on */
-    if (uf == old_uf) {
-      u->field_data[uf].len++;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    u->field_data[uf].off = p - buf;
-    u->field_data[uf].len = 1;
-
-    u->field_set |= (1 << uf);
-    old_uf = uf;
-  }
-
-  /* host must be present if there is a schema */
-  /* parsing http:///toto will fail */
-  if ((u->field_set & ((1 << UF_SCHEMA) | (1 << UF_HOST))) != 0) {
-    if (http_parse_host(buf, u, found_at) != 0) {
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* CONNECT requests can only contain "hostname:port" */
-  if (is_connect && u->field_set != ((1 << UF_HOST)|(1 << UF_PORT))) {
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  if (u->field_set & (1 << UF_PORT)) {
-    /* Don't bother with endp; we've already validated the string */
-    unsigned long v = strtoul(buf + u->field_data[UF_PORT].off, NULL, 10);
-
-    /* Ports have a max value of 2^16 */
-    if (v > 0xffff) {
-      return 1;
-    }
-
-    u->port = (uint16_t) v;
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-inline void
-http_parser_pause(http_parser *parser, int paused) {
-  /* Users should only be pausing/unpausing a parser that is not in an error
-   * state. In non-debug builds, there's not much that we can do about this
-   * other than ignore it.
-   */
-  if (CROW_HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(parser) == HPE_OK ||
-      CROW_HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(parser) == HPE_PAUSED) {
-    CROW_SET_ERRNO((paused) ? HPE_PAUSED : HPE_OK);
-  } else {
-    assert(0 && "Attempting to pause parser in error state");
-  }
-}
-
-inline int
-http_body_is_final(const struct http_parser *parser) {
-    return parser->state == s_message_done;
-}
-
-inline unsigned long
-http_parser_version(void) {
-  return CROW_HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_MAJOR * 0x10000 |
-         CROW_HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_MINOR * 0x00100 |
-         CROW_HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_PATCH * 0x00001;
-}
-
-#undef CROW_HTTP_METHOD_MAP
-#undef CROW_HTTP_ERRNO_MAP
-#undef CROW_SET_ERRNO
-#undef CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY_
-#undef CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY
-#undef CROW_CALLBACK_NOTIFY_NOADVANCE
-#undef CROW_CALLBACK_DATA_
-#undef CROW_CALLBACK_DATA
-#undef CROW_CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE
-#undef CROW_MARK
-#undef CROW_PROXY_CONNECTION
-#undef CROW_CONNECTION
-#undef CROW_CONTENT_LENGTH
-#undef CROW_TRANSFER_ENCODING
-#undef CROW_UPGRADE
-#undef CROW_CHUNKED
-#undef CROW_KEEP_ALIVE
-#undef CROW_CLOSE
-#undef CROW_PARSING_HEADER
-#undef CROW_CR
-#undef CROW_LF
-#undef CROW_LOWER
-#undef CROW_IS_ALPHA
-#undef CROW_IS_NUM
-#undef CROW_IS_ALPHANUM
-#undef CROW_IS_HEX
-#undef CROW_IS_MARK
-#undef CROW_IS_USERINFO_CHAR
-#undef CROW_TOKEN
-#undef CROW_IS_URL_CHAR
-#undef CROW_IS_HOST_CHAR
-#undef CROW_start_state
-#undef CROW_STRICT_CHECK
-#undef CROW_NEW_MESSAGE
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
-#endif
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <boost/asio.hpp>
-#include <deque>
-#include <functional>
-#include <chrono>
-#include <thread>
-
-
-
-
-namespace crow
-{
-    namespace detail 
-    {
-        // fast timer queue for fixed tick value.
-        class dumb_timer_queue
-        {
-        public:
-            using key = std::pair<dumb_timer_queue*, int>;
-
-            void cancel(key& k)
-            {
-                auto self = k.first;
-                k.first = nullptr;
-                if (!self)
-                    return;
-
-                unsigned int index = (unsigned int)(k.second - self->step_);
-                if (index < self->dq_.size())
-                    self->dq_[index].second = nullptr;
-            }
-
-            key add(std::function<void()> f)
-            {
-                dq_.emplace_back(std::chrono::steady_clock::now(), std::move(f));
-                int ret = step_+dq_.size()-1;
-
-                CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "timer add inside: " << this << ' ' << ret ;
-                return {this, ret};
-            }
-
-            void process()
-            {
-                if (!io_service_)
-                    return;
-
-                auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-                while(!dq_.empty())
-                {
-                    auto& x = dq_.front();
-                    if (now - x.first < std::chrono::seconds(tick))
-                        break;
-                    if (x.second)
-                    {
-                        CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "timer call: " << this << ' ' << step_;
-                        // we know that timer handlers are very simple currenty; call here
-                        x.second();
-                    }
-                    dq_.pop_front();
-                    step_++;
-                }
-            }
-
-            void set_io_service(boost::asio::io_service& io_service)
-            {
-                io_service_ = &io_service;
-            }
-
-            dumb_timer_queue() noexcept
-            {
-            }
-
-        private:
-
-            int tick{5};
-            boost::asio::io_service* io_service_{};
-            std::deque<std::pair<decltype(std::chrono::steady_clock::now()), std::function<void()>>> dq_;
-            int step_{};
-        };
-    }
-}
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <vector>
-#include <string>
-#include <stdexcept>
-#include <iostream>
-
-
-
-namespace crow
-{
-    enum class HTTPMethod
-    {
-#ifndef DELETE
-        DELETE = 0,
-        GET,
-        HEAD,
-        POST,
-        PUT,
-        CONNECT,
-        OPTIONS,
-        TRACE,
-#endif
-
-        Delete = 0,
-        Get,
-        Head,
-        Post,
-        Put,
-        Connect,
-        Options,
-        Trace,
-    };
-
-    inline std::string method_name(HTTPMethod method)
-    {
-        switch(method)
-        {
-            case HTTPMethod::Delete:
-                return "DELETE";
-            case HTTPMethod::Get:
-                return "GET";
-            case HTTPMethod::Head:
-                return "HEAD";
-            case HTTPMethod::Post:
-                return "POST";
-            case HTTPMethod::Put:
-                return "PUT";
-            case HTTPMethod::Connect:
-                return "CONNECT";
-            case HTTPMethod::Options:
-                return "OPTIONS";
-            case HTTPMethod::Trace:
-                return "TRACE";
-        }
-        return "invalid";
-    }
-
-    enum class ParamType
-    {
-        INT,
-        UINT,
-        DOUBLE,
-        STRING,
-        PATH,
-
-        MAX
-    };
-
-    struct routing_params
-    {
-        std::vector<int64_t> int_params;
-        std::vector<uint64_t> uint_params;
-        std::vector<double> double_params;
-        std::vector<std::string> string_params;
-
-        void debug_print() const
-        {
-            std::cerr << "routing_params" << std::endl;
-            for(auto i:int_params)
-                std::cerr<<i <<", " ;
-            std::cerr<<std::endl;
-            for(auto i:uint_params)
-                std::cerr<<i <<", " ;
-            std::cerr<<std::endl;
-            for(auto i:double_params)
-                std::cerr<<i <<", " ;
-            std::cerr<<std::endl;
-            for(auto& i:string_params)
-                std::cerr<<i <<", " ;
-            std::cerr<<std::endl;
-        }
-
-        template <typename T>
-        T get(unsigned) const;
-
-    };
-
-    template<>
-    inline int64_t routing_params::get<int64_t>(unsigned index) const
-    {
-        return int_params[index];
-    }
-
-    template<>
-    inline uint64_t routing_params::get<uint64_t>(unsigned index) const
-    {
-        return uint_params[index];
-    }
-
-    template<>
-    inline double routing_params::get<double>(unsigned index) const
-    {
-        return double_params[index];
-    }
-
-    template<>
-    inline std::string routing_params::get<std::string>(unsigned index) const
-    {
-        return string_params[index];
-    }
-}
-
-#ifndef CROW_MSVC_WORKAROUND
-constexpr crow::HTTPMethod operator "" _method(const char* str, size_t /*len*/)
-{
-    return
-        crow::black_magic::is_equ_p(str, "GET", 3) ? crow::HTTPMethod::Get :
-        crow::black_magic::is_equ_p(str, "DELETE", 6) ? crow::HTTPMethod::Delete :
-        crow::black_magic::is_equ_p(str, "HEAD", 4) ? crow::HTTPMethod::Head :
-        crow::black_magic::is_equ_p(str, "POST", 4) ? crow::HTTPMethod::Post :
-        crow::black_magic::is_equ_p(str, "PUT", 3) ? crow::HTTPMethod::Put :
-        crow::black_magic::is_equ_p(str, "OPTIONS", 7) ? crow::HTTPMethod::Options :
-        crow::black_magic::is_equ_p(str, "CONNECT", 7) ? crow::HTTPMethod::Connect :
-        crow::black_magic::is_equ_p(str, "TRACE", 5) ? crow::HTTPMethod::Trace :
-        throw std::runtime_error("invalid http method");
-}
-#endif
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <boost/algorithm/string/predicate.hpp>
-#include <boost/functional/hash.hpp>
-#include <unordered_map>
-
-namespace crow
-{
-    struct ci_hash
-    {
-        size_t operator()(const std::string& key) const
-        {
-            std::size_t seed = 0;
-            std::locale locale;
-
-            for(auto c : key)
-            {
-                boost::hash_combine(seed, std::toupper(c, locale));
-            }
-
-            return seed;
-        }
-    };
-
-    struct ci_key_eq
-    {
-        bool operator()(const std::string& l, const std::string& r) const
-        {
-            return boost::iequals(l, r);
-        }
-    };
-
-    using ci_map = std::unordered_multimap<std::string, std::string, ci_hash, ci_key_eq>;
-}
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <boost/asio.hpp>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-namespace crow
-{
-    template <typename T>
-    inline const std::string& get_header_value(const T& headers, const std::string& key)
-    {
-        if (headers.count(key))
-        {
-            return headers.find(key)->second;
-        }
-        static std::string empty;
-        return empty;
-    }
-
-	struct DetachHelper;
-
-    struct request
-    {
-        HTTPMethod method;
-        std::string raw_url;
-        std::string url;
-        query_string url_params;
-        ci_map headers;
-        std::string body;
-
-        void* middleware_context{};
-        boost::asio::io_service* io_service{};
-
-        request()
-            : method(HTTPMethod::Get)
-        {
-        }
-
-        request(HTTPMethod method, std::string raw_url, std::string url, query_string url_params, ci_map headers, std::string body)
-            : method(method), raw_url(std::move(raw_url)), url(std::move(url)), url_params(std::move(url_params)), headers(std::move(headers)), body(std::move(body))
-        {
-        }
-
-        void add_header(std::string key, std::string value)
-        {
-            headers.emplace(std::move(key), std::move(value));
-        }
-
-        const std::string& get_header_value(const std::string& key) const
-        {
-            return crow::get_header_value(headers, key);
-        }
-
-        template<typename CompletionHandler>
-        void post(CompletionHandler handler)
-        {
-            io_service->post(handler);
-        }
-
-        template<typename CompletionHandler>
-        void dispatch(CompletionHandler handler)
-        {
-            io_service->dispatch(handler);
-        }
-
-    };
-}
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-#include <boost/algorithm/string/predicate.hpp>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-namespace crow
-{
-    namespace websocket
-    {
-        enum class WebSocketReadState
-        {
-            MiniHeader,
-            Len16,
-            Len64,
-            Mask,
-            Payload,
-        };
-
-		struct connection
-		{
-            virtual void send_binary(const std::string& msg) = 0;
-            virtual void send_text(const std::string& msg) = 0;
-            virtual void close(const std::string& msg = "quit") = 0;
-            virtual ~connection(){}
-
-            void userdata(void* u) { userdata_ = u; }
-            void* userdata() { return userdata_; }
-
-        private:
-            void* userdata_;
-		};
-
-		template <typename Adaptor>
-        class Connection : public connection
-        {
-			public:
-				Connection(const crow::request& req, Adaptor&& adaptor, 
-						std::function<void(crow::websocket::connection&)> open_handler,
-						std::function<void(crow::websocket::connection&, const std::string&, bool)> message_handler,
-						std::function<void(crow::websocket::connection&, const std::string&)> close_handler,
-						std::function<void(crow::websocket::connection&)> error_handler)
-					: adaptor_(std::move(adaptor)), open_handler_(std::move(open_handler)), message_handler_(std::move(message_handler)), close_handler_(std::move(close_handler)), error_handler_(std::move(error_handler))
-				{
-					if (!boost::iequals(req.get_header_value("upgrade"), "websocket"))
-					{
-						adaptor.close();
-						delete this;
-						return;
-					}
-					// Sec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==
-					// Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13
-                    std::string magic = req.get_header_value("Sec-WebSocket-Key") +  "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11";
-                    sha1::SHA1 s;
-                    s.processBytes(magic.data(), magic.size());
-                    uint8_t digest[20];
-                    s.getDigestBytes(digest);   
-                    start(crow::utility::base64encode((char*)digest, 20));
-				}
-
-                template<typename CompletionHandler>
-                void dispatch(CompletionHandler handler)
-                {
-                    adaptor_.get_io_service().dispatch(handler);
-                }
-
-                template<typename CompletionHandler>
-                void post(CompletionHandler handler)
-                {
-                    adaptor_.get_io_service().post(handler);
-                }
-
-                void send_pong(const std::string& msg)
-                {
-                    dispatch([this, msg]{
-                        char buf[3] = "\x8A\x00";
-                        buf[1] += msg.size();
-                        write_buffers_.emplace_back(buf, buf+2);
-                        write_buffers_.emplace_back(msg);
-                        do_write();
-                    });
-                }
-
-                void send_binary(const std::string& msg) override
-                {
-                    dispatch([this, msg]{
-                        auto header = build_header(2, msg.size());
-                        write_buffers_.emplace_back(std::move(header));
-                        write_buffers_.emplace_back(msg);
-                        do_write();
-                    });
-                }
-
-                void send_text(const std::string& msg) override
-                {
-                    dispatch([this, msg]{
-                        auto header = build_header(1, msg.size());
-                        write_buffers_.emplace_back(std::move(header));
-                        write_buffers_.emplace_back(msg);
-                        do_write();
-                    });
-                }
-
-                void close(const std::string& msg) override
-                {
-                    dispatch([this, msg]{
-                        has_sent_close_ = true;
-                        if (has_recv_close_ && !is_close_handler_called_)
-                        {
-                            is_close_handler_called_ = true;
-                            if (close_handler_)
-                                close_handler_(*this, msg);
-                        }
-                        auto header = build_header(0x8, msg.size());
-                        write_buffers_.emplace_back(std::move(header));
-                        write_buffers_.emplace_back(msg);
-                        do_write();
-                    });
-                }
-
-            protected:
-
-                std::string build_header(int opcode, size_t size)
-                {
-                    char buf[2+8] = "\x80\x00";
-                    buf[0] += opcode;
-                    if (size < 126)
-                    {
-                        buf[1] += size;
-                        return {buf, buf+2};
-                    }
-                    else if (size < 0x10000)
-                    {
-                        buf[1] += 126;
-                        *(uint16_t*)(buf+2) = htons((uint16_t)size);
-                        return {buf, buf+4};
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        buf[1] += 127;
-                        *(uint64_t*)(buf+2) = ((1==htonl(1)) ? (uint64_t)size : ((uint64_t)htonl((size) & 0xFFFFFFFF) << 32) | htonl((size) >> 32));
-                        return {buf, buf+10};
-                    }
-                }
-
-                void start(std::string&& hello)
-                {
-                    static std::string header = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n"
-                        "Upgrade: websocket\r\n"
-                        "Connection: Upgrade\r\n"
-                        "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: ";
-                    static std::string crlf = "\r\n";
-                    write_buffers_.emplace_back(header);
-                    write_buffers_.emplace_back(std::move(hello));
-                    write_buffers_.emplace_back(crlf);
-                    write_buffers_.emplace_back(crlf);
-                    do_write();
-                    if (open_handler_)
-                        open_handler_(*this);
-                    do_read();
-                }
-
-                void do_read()
-                {
-                    is_reading = true;
-                    switch(state_)
-                    {
-                        case WebSocketReadState::MiniHeader:
-                            {
-                                //boost::asio::async_read(adaptor_.socket(), boost::asio::buffer(&mini_header_, 1), 
-                                adaptor_.socket().async_read_some(boost::asio::buffer(&mini_header_, 2), 
-                                    [this](const boost::system::error_code& ec, std::size_t bytes_transferred) 
-                                    {
-                                        is_reading = false;
-                                        mini_header_ = htons(mini_header_);
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_DEBUG
-                                        
-                                        if (!ec && bytes_transferred != 2)
-                                        {
-                                            throw std::runtime_error("WebSocket:MiniHeader:async_read fail:asio bug?");
-                                        }
-#endif
-
-                                        if (!ec && ((mini_header_ & 0x80) == 0x80))
-                                        {
-                                            if ((mini_header_ & 0x7f) == 127)
-                                            {
-                                                state_ = WebSocketReadState::Len64;
-                                            }
-                                            else if ((mini_header_ & 0x7f) == 126)
-                                            {
-                                                state_ = WebSocketReadState::Len16;
-                                            }
-                                            else
-                                            {
-                                                remaining_length_ = mini_header_ & 0x7f;
-                                                state_ = WebSocketReadState::Mask;
-                                            }
-                                            do_read();
-                                        }
-                                        else
-                                        {
-                                            close_connection_ = true;
-                                            adaptor_.close();
-                                            if (error_handler_)
-                                                error_handler_(*this);
-                                            check_destroy();
-                                        }
-                                    });
-                            }
-                            break;
-                        case WebSocketReadState::Len16:
-                            {
-                                remaining_length_ = 0;
-                                boost::asio::async_read(adaptor_.socket(), boost::asio::buffer(&remaining_length_, 2), 
-                                    [this](const boost::system::error_code& ec, std::size_t bytes_transferred) 
-                                    {
-                                        is_reading = false;
-                                        remaining_length_ = ntohs(*(uint16_t*)&remaining_length_);
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_DEBUG
-                                        if (!ec && bytes_transferred != 2)
-                                        {
-                                            throw std::runtime_error("WebSocket:Len16:async_read fail:asio bug?");
-                                        }
-#endif
-
-                                        if (!ec)
-                                        {
-                                            state_ = WebSocketReadState::Mask;
-                                            do_read();
-                                        }
-                                        else
-                                        {
-                                            close_connection_ = true;
-                                            adaptor_.close();
-                                            if (error_handler_)
-                                                error_handler_(*this);
-                                            check_destroy();
-                                        }
-                                    });
-                            }
-                            break;
-                        case WebSocketReadState::Len64:
-                            {
-                                boost::asio::async_read(adaptor_.socket(), boost::asio::buffer(&remaining_length_, 8), 
-                                    [this](const boost::system::error_code& ec, std::size_t bytes_transferred) 
-                                    {
-                                        is_reading = false;
-                                        remaining_length_ = ((1==ntohl(1)) ? (remaining_length_) : ((uint64_t)ntohl((remaining_length_) & 0xFFFFFFFF) << 32) | ntohl((remaining_length_) >> 32));
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_DEBUG
-                                        if (!ec && bytes_transferred != 8)
-                                        {
-                                            throw std::runtime_error("WebSocket:Len16:async_read fail:asio bug?");
-                                        }
-#endif
-
-                                        if (!ec)
-                                        {
-                                            state_ = WebSocketReadState::Mask;
-                                            do_read();
-                                        }
-                                        else
-                                        {
-                                            close_connection_ = true;
-                                            adaptor_.close();
-                                            if (error_handler_)
-                                                error_handler_(*this);
-                                            check_destroy();
-                                        }
-                                    });
-                            }
-                            break;
-                        case WebSocketReadState::Mask:
-                                boost::asio::async_read(adaptor_.socket(), boost::asio::buffer((char*)&mask_, 4), 
-                                    [this](const boost::system::error_code& ec, std::size_t bytes_transferred)
-                                    {
-                                        is_reading = false;
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_DEBUG
-                                        if (!ec && bytes_transferred != 4)
-                                        {
-                                            throw std::runtime_error("WebSocket:Mask:async_read fail:asio bug?");
-                                        }
-#endif
-
-                                        if (!ec)
-                                        {
-                                            state_ = WebSocketReadState::Payload;
-                                            do_read();
-                                        }
-                                        else
-                                        {
-                                            close_connection_ = true;
-                                            if (error_handler_)
-                                                error_handler_(*this);
-                                            adaptor_.close();
-                                        }
-                                    });
-                            break;
-                        case WebSocketReadState::Payload:
-                            {
-                                size_t to_read = buffer_.size();
-                                if (remaining_length_ < to_read)
-                                    to_read = remaining_length_;
-                                adaptor_.socket().async_read_some( boost::asio::buffer(buffer_, to_read), 
-                                    [this](const boost::system::error_code& ec, std::size_t bytes_transferred)
-                                    {
-                                        is_reading = false;
-
-                                        if (!ec)
-                                        {
-                                            fragment_.insert(fragment_.end(), buffer_.begin(), buffer_.begin() + bytes_transferred);
-                                            remaining_length_ -= bytes_transferred;
-                                            if (remaining_length_ == 0)
-                                            {
-                                                handle_fragment();
-                                                state_ = WebSocketReadState::MiniHeader;
-                                                do_read();
-                                            }
-                                        }
-                                        else
-                                        {
-                                            close_connection_ = true;
-                                            if (error_handler_)
-                                                error_handler_(*this);
-                                            adaptor_.close();
-                                        }
-                                    });
-                            }
-                            break;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                bool is_FIN()
-                {
-                    return mini_header_ & 0x8000;
-                }
-
-                int opcode()
-                {
-                    return (mini_header_ & 0x0f00) >> 8;
-                }
-
-                void handle_fragment()
-                {
-                    for(decltype(fragment_.length()) i = 0; i < fragment_.length(); i ++)
-                    {
-                        fragment_[i] ^= ((char*)&mask_)[i%4];
-                    }
-                    switch(opcode())
-                    {
-                        case 0: // Continuation
-                            {
-                                message_ += fragment_;
-                                if (is_FIN())
-                                {
-                                    if (message_handler_)
-                                        message_handler_(*this, message_, is_binary_);
-                                    message_.clear();
-                                }
-                            }
-                        case 1: // Text
-                            {
-                                is_binary_ = false;
-                                message_ += fragment_;
-                                if (is_FIN())
-                                {
-                                    if (message_handler_)
-                                        message_handler_(*this, message_, is_binary_);
-                                    message_.clear();
-                                }
-                            }
-                            break;
-                        case 2: // Binary
-                            {
-                                is_binary_ = true;
-                                message_ += fragment_;
-                                if (is_FIN())
-                                {
-                                    if (message_handler_)
-                                        message_handler_(*this, message_, is_binary_);
-                                    message_.clear();
-                                }
-                            }
-                            break;
-                        case 0x8: // Close
-                            {
-                                has_recv_close_ = true;
-                                if (!has_sent_close_)
-                                {
-                                    close(fragment_);
-                                }
-                                else
-                                {
-                                    adaptor_.close();
-                                    close_connection_ = true;
-                                    if (!is_close_handler_called_)
-                                    {
-                                        if (close_handler_)
-                                            close_handler_(*this, fragment_);
-                                        is_close_handler_called_ = true;
-                                    }
-                                    check_destroy();
-                                }
-                            }
-                            break;
-                        case 0x9: // Ping
-                            {
-                                send_pong(fragment_);
-                            }
-                            break;
-                        case 0xA: // Pong
-                            {
-                                pong_received_ = true;
-                            }
-                            break;
-                    }
-
-                    fragment_.clear();
-                }
-
-                void do_write()
-                {
-                    if (sending_buffers_.empty())
-                    {
-                        sending_buffers_.swap(write_buffers_);
-                        std::vector<boost::asio::const_buffer> buffers;
-                        buffers.reserve(sending_buffers_.size());
-                        for(auto& s:sending_buffers_)
-                        {
-                            buffers.emplace_back(boost::asio::buffer(s));
-                        }
-                        boost::asio::async_write(adaptor_.socket(), buffers, 
-                            [&](const boost::system::error_code& ec, std::size_t /*bytes_transferred*/)
-                            {
-                                sending_buffers_.clear();
-                                if (!ec && !close_connection_)
-                                {
-                                    if (!write_buffers_.empty())
-                                        do_write();
-                                    if (has_sent_close_)
-                                        close_connection_ = true;
-                                }
-                                else
-                                {
-                                    close_connection_ = true;
-                                    check_destroy();
-                                }
-                            });
-                    }
-                }
-
-                void check_destroy()
-                {
-                    //if (has_sent_close_ && has_recv_close_)
-                    if (!is_close_handler_called_)
-                        if (close_handler_)
-                            close_handler_(*this, "uncleanly");
-                    if (sending_buffers_.empty() && !is_reading)
-                        delete this;
-                }
-			private:
-				Adaptor adaptor_;
-
-                std::vector<std::string> sending_buffers_;
-                std::vector<std::string> write_buffers_;
-
-                boost::array<char, 4096> buffer_;
-                bool is_binary_;
-                std::string message_;
-                std::string fragment_;
-                WebSocketReadState state_{WebSocketReadState::MiniHeader};
-                uint64_t remaining_length_{0};
-                bool close_connection_{false};
-                bool is_reading{false};
-                uint32_t mask_;
-                uint16_t mini_header_;
-                bool has_sent_close_{false};
-                bool has_recv_close_{false};
-                bool error_occured_{false};
-                bool pong_received_{false};
-                bool is_close_handler_called_{false};
-
-				std::function<void(crow::websocket::connection&)> open_handler_;
-				std::function<void(crow::websocket::connection&, const std::string&, bool)> message_handler_;
-				std::function<void(crow::websocket::connection&, const std::string&)> close_handler_;
-				std::function<void(crow::websocket::connection&)> error_handler_;
-        };
-    }
-}
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <string>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
-#include <boost/tokenizer.hpp>
-#include <algorithm>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-namespace crow
-{
-    template <typename Handler>
-    struct HTTPParser : public http_parser
-    {
-        static int on_message_begin(http_parser* self_)
-        {
-            HTTPParser* self = static_cast<HTTPParser*>(self_);
-            self->clear();
-            return 0;
-        }
-        static int on_url(http_parser* self_, const char* at, size_t length)
-        {
-            HTTPParser* self = static_cast<HTTPParser*>(self_);
-            self->raw_url.insert(self->raw_url.end(), at, at+length);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        static int on_header_field(http_parser* self_, const char* at, size_t length)
-        {
-            HTTPParser* self = static_cast<HTTPParser*>(self_);
-            switch (self->header_building_state)
-            {
-                case 0:
-                    if (!self->header_value.empty())
-                    {
-                        self->headers.emplace(std::move(self->header_field), std::move(self->header_value));
-                    }
-                    self->header_field.assign(at, at+length);
-                    self->header_building_state = 1;
-                    break;
-                case 1:
-                    self->header_field.insert(self->header_field.end(), at, at+length);
-                    break;
-            }
-            return 0;
-        }
-        static int on_header_value(http_parser* self_, const char* at, size_t length)
-        {
-            HTTPParser* self = static_cast<HTTPParser*>(self_);
-            switch (self->header_building_state)
-            {
-                case 0:
-                    self->header_value.insert(self->header_value.end(), at, at+length);
-                    break;
-                case 1:
-                    self->header_building_state = 0;
-                    self->header_value.assign(at, at+length);
-                    break;
-            }
-            return 0;
-        }
-        static int on_headers_complete(http_parser* self_)
-        {
-            HTTPParser* self = static_cast<HTTPParser*>(self_);
-            if (!self->header_field.empty())
-            {
-                self->headers.emplace(std::move(self->header_field), std::move(self->header_value));
-            }
-            self->process_header();
-            return 0;
-        }
-        static int on_body(http_parser* self_, const char* at, size_t length)
-        {
-            HTTPParser* self = static_cast<HTTPParser*>(self_);
-            self->body.insert(self->body.end(), at, at+length);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        static int on_message_complete(http_parser* self_)
-        {
-            HTTPParser* self = static_cast<HTTPParser*>(self_);
-
-            // url params
-            self->url = self->raw_url.substr(0, self->raw_url.find("?"));
-            self->url_params = query_string(self->raw_url);
-
-            self->process_message();
-            return 0;
-        }
-        HTTPParser(Handler* handler) :
-            handler_(handler)
-        {
-            http_parser_init(this, HTTP_REQUEST);
-        }
-
-        // return false on error
-        bool feed(const char* buffer, int length)
-        {
-            const static http_parser_settings settings_{
-                on_message_begin,
-                on_url,
-                nullptr,
-                on_header_field,
-                on_header_value,
-                on_headers_complete,
-                on_body,
-                on_message_complete,
-            };
-
-            int nparsed = http_parser_execute(this, &settings_, buffer, length);
-            return nparsed == length;
-        }
-
-        bool done()
-        {
-            return feed(nullptr, 0);
-        }
-
-        void clear()
-        {
-            url.clear();
-            raw_url.clear();
-            header_building_state = 0;
-            header_field.clear();
-            header_value.clear();
-            headers.clear();
-            url_params.clear();
-            body.clear();
-        }
-
-        void process_header()
-        {
-            handler_->handle_header();
-        }
-
-        void process_message()
-        {
-            handler_->handle();
-        }
-
-        request to_request() const
-        {
-            return request{(HTTPMethod)method, std::move(raw_url), std::move(url), std::move(url_params), std::move(headers), std::move(body)};
-        }
-
-		bool is_upgrade() const
-		{
-			return upgrade;
-		}
-
-        bool check_version(int major, int minor) const
-        {
-            return http_major == major && http_minor == minor;
-        }
-
-        std::string raw_url;
-        std::string url;
-
-        int header_building_state = 0;
-        std::string header_field;
-        std::string header_value;
-        ci_map headers;
-        query_string url_params;
-        std::string body;
-
-        Handler* handler_;
-    };
-}
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-#include <string>
-#include <unordered_map>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-namespace crow
-{
-    template <typename Adaptor, typename Handler, typename ... Middlewares>
-    class Connection;
-    struct response
-    {
-        template <typename Adaptor, typename Handler, typename ... Middlewares>
-        friend class crow::Connection;
-
-        int code{200};
-        std::string body;
-        json::wvalue json_value;
-
-        // `headers' stores HTTP headers.
-        ci_map headers;
-
-        void set_header(std::string key, std::string value)
-        {
-            headers.erase(key);
-            headers.emplace(std::move(key), std::move(value));
-        }
-        void add_header(std::string key, std::string value)
-        {
-            headers.emplace(std::move(key), std::move(value));
-        }
-
-        const std::string& get_header_value(const std::string& key)
-        {
-            return crow::get_header_value(headers, key);
-        }
-
-
-        response() {}
-        explicit response(int code) : code(code) {}
-        response(std::string body) : body(std::move(body)) {}
-        response(json::wvalue&& json_value) : json_value(std::move(json_value))
-        {
-            json_mode();
-        }
-        response(int code, std::string body) : code(code), body(std::move(body)) {}
-        response(const json::wvalue& json_value) : body(json::dump(json_value))
-        {
-            json_mode();
-        }
-        response(int code, const json::wvalue& json_value) : code(code), body(json::dump(json_value))
-        {
-            json_mode();
-        }
-
-        response(response&& r)
-        {
-            *this = std::move(r);
-        }
-
-        response& operator = (const response& r) = delete;
-
-        response& operator = (response&& r) noexcept
-        {
-            body = std::move(r.body);
-            json_value = std::move(r.json_value);
-            code = r.code;
-            headers = std::move(r.headers);
-            completed_ = r.completed_;
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        bool is_completed() const noexcept
-        {
-            return completed_;
-        }
-
-        void clear()
-        {
-            body.clear();
-            json_value.clear();
-            code = 200;
-            headers.clear();
-            completed_ = false;
-        }
-
-        void write(const std::string& body_part)
-        {
-            body += body_part;
-        }
-
-        void end()
-        {
-            if (!completed_)
-            {
-                completed_ = true;
-
-                if (complete_request_handler_)
-                {
-                    complete_request_handler_();
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        void end(const std::string& body_part)
-        {
-            body += body_part;
-            end();
-        }
-
-        bool is_alive()
-        {
-            return is_alive_helper_ && is_alive_helper_();
-        }
-
-        private:
-            bool completed_{};
-            std::function<void()> complete_request_handler_;
-            std::function<bool()> is_alive_helper_;
-
-            //In case of a JSON object, set the Content-Type header
-            void json_mode()
-            {
-                set_header("Content-Type", "application/json");
-            }
-    };
-}
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <utility>
-#include <tuple>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <memory>
-#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
-#include <vector>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-namespace crow
-{
-    class BaseRule
-    {
-    public:
-        BaseRule(std::string rule)
-            : rule_(std::move(rule))
-        {
-        }
-
-        virtual ~BaseRule()
-        {
-        }
-        
-        virtual void validate() = 0;
-        std::unique_ptr<BaseRule> upgrade()
-		{
-			if (rule_to_upgrade_)
-				return std::move(rule_to_upgrade_);
-			return {};
-		}
-
-        virtual void handle(const request&, response&, const routing_params&) = 0;
-        virtual void handle_upgrade(const request&, response& res, SocketAdaptor&&) 
-		{
-			res = response(404);
-			res.end();
-		}
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_SSL
-        virtual void handle_upgrade(const request&, response& res, SSLAdaptor&&) 
-		{
-			res = response(404);
-			res.end();
-		}
-#endif
-
-        uint32_t get_methods()
-        {
-            return methods_;
-        }
-
-    protected:
-        uint32_t methods_{1<<(int)HTTPMethod::Get};
-
-        std::string rule_;
-        std::string name_;
-
-		std::unique_ptr<BaseRule> rule_to_upgrade_;
-
-        friend class Router;
-        template <typename T>
-        friend struct RuleParameterTraits;
-    };
-
-
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        namespace routing_handler_call_helper
-        {
-            template <typename T, int Pos>
-            struct call_pair
-            {
-                using type = T;
-                static const int pos = Pos;
-            };
-
-            template <typename H1>
-            struct call_params
-            {
-                H1& handler;
-                const routing_params& params;
-                const request& req;
-                response& res;
-            };
-
-            template <typename F, int NInt, int NUint, int NDouble, int NString, typename S1, typename S2> 
-            struct call
-            {
-            };
-
-            template <typename F, int NInt, int NUint, int NDouble, int NString, typename ... Args1, typename ... Args2> 
-            struct call<F, NInt, NUint, NDouble, NString, black_magic::S<int64_t, Args1...>, black_magic::S<Args2...>>
-            {
-                void operator()(F cparams)
-                {
-                    using pushed = typename black_magic::S<Args2...>::template push_back<call_pair<int64_t, NInt>>;
-                    call<F, NInt+1, NUint, NDouble, NString,
-                        black_magic::S<Args1...>, pushed>()(cparams);
-                }
-            };
-
-            template <typename F, int NInt, int NUint, int NDouble, int NString, typename ... Args1, typename ... Args2> 
-            struct call<F, NInt, NUint, NDouble, NString, black_magic::S<uint64_t, Args1...>, black_magic::S<Args2...>>
-            {
-                void operator()(F cparams)
-                {
-                    using pushed = typename black_magic::S<Args2...>::template push_back<call_pair<uint64_t, NUint>>;
-                    call<F, NInt, NUint+1, NDouble, NString,
-                        black_magic::S<Args1...>, pushed>()(cparams);
-                }
-            };
-
-            template <typename F, int NInt, int NUint, int NDouble, int NString, typename ... Args1, typename ... Args2> 
-            struct call<F, NInt, NUint, NDouble, NString, black_magic::S<double, Args1...>, black_magic::S<Args2...>>
-            {
-                void operator()(F cparams)
-                {
-                    using pushed = typename black_magic::S<Args2...>::template push_back<call_pair<double, NDouble>>;
-                    call<F, NInt, NUint, NDouble+1, NString,
-                        black_magic::S<Args1...>, pushed>()(cparams);
-                }
-            };
-
-            template <typename F, int NInt, int NUint, int NDouble, int NString, typename ... Args1, typename ... Args2> 
-            struct call<F, NInt, NUint, NDouble, NString, black_magic::S<std::string, Args1...>, black_magic::S<Args2...>>
-            {
-                void operator()(F cparams)
-                {
-                    using pushed = typename black_magic::S<Args2...>::template push_back<call_pair<std::string, NString>>;
-                    call<F, NInt, NUint, NDouble, NString+1,
-                        black_magic::S<Args1...>, pushed>()(cparams);
-                }
-            };
-
-            template <typename F, int NInt, int NUint, int NDouble, int NString, typename ... Args1> 
-            struct call<F, NInt, NUint, NDouble, NString, black_magic::S<>, black_magic::S<Args1...>>
-            {
-                void operator()(F cparams)
-                {
-                    cparams.handler(
-                        cparams.req,
-                        cparams.res,
-                        cparams.params.template get<typename Args1::type>(Args1::pos)... 
-                    );
-                }
-            };
-
-            template <typename Func, typename ... ArgsWrapped>
-            struct Wrapped
-            {
-                template <typename ... Args>
-                void set_(Func f, typename std::enable_if<
-                    !std::is_same<typename std::tuple_element<0, std::tuple<Args..., void>>::type, const request&>::value
-                , int>::type = 0)
-                {
-                    handler_ = (
-#ifdef CROW_CAN_USE_CPP14
-                        [f = std::move(f)]
-#else
-                        [f]
-#endif
-                        (const request&, response& res, Args... args){
-                            res = response(f(args...));
-                            res.end();
-                        });
-                }
-
-                template <typename Req, typename ... Args>
-                struct req_handler_wrapper
-                {
-                    req_handler_wrapper(Func f)
-                        : f(std::move(f))
-                    {
-                    }
-
-                    void operator()(const request& req, response& res, Args... args)
-                    {
-                        res = response(f(req, args...));
-                        res.end();
-                    }
-
-                    Func f;
-                };
-
-                template <typename ... Args>
-                void set_(Func f, typename std::enable_if<
-                        std::is_same<typename std::tuple_element<0, std::tuple<Args..., void>>::type, const request&>::value &&
-                        !std::is_same<typename std::tuple_element<1, std::tuple<Args..., void, void>>::type, response&>::value
-                        , int>::type = 0)
-                {
-                    handler_ = req_handler_wrapper<Args...>(std::move(f));
-                    /*handler_ = (
-                        [f = std::move(f)]
-                        (const request& req, response& res, Args... args){
-                             res = response(f(req, args...));
-                             res.end();
-                        });*/
-                }
-
-                template <typename ... Args>
-                void set_(Func f, typename std::enable_if<
-                        std::is_same<typename std::tuple_element<0, std::tuple<Args..., void>>::type, const request&>::value &&
-                        std::is_same<typename std::tuple_element<1, std::tuple<Args..., void, void>>::type, response&>::value
-                        , int>::type = 0)
-                {
-                    handler_ = std::move(f);
-                }
-
-                template <typename ... Args>
-                struct handler_type_helper
-                {
-                    using type = std::function<void(const crow::request&, crow::response&, Args...)>;
-                    using args_type = black_magic::S<typename black_magic::promote_t<Args>...>; 
-                };
-
-                template <typename ... Args>
-                struct handler_type_helper<const request&, Args...>
-                {
-                    using type = std::function<void(const crow::request&, crow::response&, Args...)>;
-                    using args_type = black_magic::S<typename black_magic::promote_t<Args>...>; 
-                };
-
-                template <typename ... Args>
-                struct handler_type_helper<const request&, response&, Args...>
-                {
-                    using type = std::function<void(const crow::request&, crow::response&, Args...)>;
-                    using args_type = black_magic::S<typename black_magic::promote_t<Args>...>; 
-                };
-
-                typename handler_type_helper<ArgsWrapped...>::type handler_;
-
-                void operator()(const request& req, response& res, const routing_params& params)
-                {
-                    detail::routing_handler_call_helper::call<
-                        detail::routing_handler_call_helper::call_params<
-                            decltype(handler_)>,
-                        0, 0, 0, 0, 
-                        typename handler_type_helper<ArgsWrapped...>::args_type,
-                        black_magic::S<>
-                    >()(
-                        detail::routing_handler_call_helper::call_params<
-                            decltype(handler_)>
-                        {handler_, params, req, res}
-                   );
-                }
-            };
-
-        }
-    }
-
-	class WebSocketRule : public BaseRule
-	{
-        using self_t = WebSocketRule;
-	public:
-        WebSocketRule(std::string rule)
-            : BaseRule(std::move(rule))
-        {
-        }
-
-		void validate() override
-		{
-		}
-
-		void handle(const request&, response& res, const routing_params&) override
-		{
-			res = response(404);
-			res.end();
-		}
-
-        void handle_upgrade(const request& req, response&, SocketAdaptor&& adaptor) override 
-		{
-			new crow::websocket::Connection<SocketAdaptor>(req, std::move(adaptor), open_handler_, message_handler_, close_handler_, error_handler_);
-		}
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_SSL
-        void handle_upgrade(const request& req, response&, SSLAdaptor&& adaptor) override
-		{
-			new crow::websocket::Connection<SSLAdaptor>(req, std::move(adaptor), open_handler_, message_handler_, close_handler_, error_handler_);
-		}
-#endif
-
-		template <typename Func>
-		self_t& onopen(Func f)
-		{
-			open_handler_ = f;
-			return *this;
-		}
-
-		template <typename Func>
-		self_t& onmessage(Func f)
-		{
-			message_handler_ = f;
-			return *this;
-		}
-
-		template <typename Func>
-		self_t& onclose(Func f)
-		{
-			close_handler_ = f;
-			return *this;
-		}
-
-		template <typename Func>
-		self_t& onerror(Func f)
-		{
-			error_handler_ = f;
-			return *this;
-		}
-
-	protected:
-		std::function<void(crow::websocket::connection&)> open_handler_;
-		std::function<void(crow::websocket::connection&, const std::string&, bool)> message_handler_;
-		std::function<void(crow::websocket::connection&, const std::string&)> close_handler_;
-		std::function<void(crow::websocket::connection&)> error_handler_;
-	};
-
-    template <typename T>
-    struct RuleParameterTraits
-    {
-        using self_t = T;
-		WebSocketRule& websocket() 
-		{
-			auto p =new WebSocketRule(((self_t*)this)->rule_);
-            ((self_t*)this)->rule_to_upgrade_.reset(p);
-			return *p;
-		}
-
-        self_t& name(std::string name) noexcept
-        {
-            ((self_t*)this)->name_ = std::move(name);
-            return (self_t&)*this;
-        }
-
-        self_t& methods(HTTPMethod method)
-        {
-            ((self_t*)this)->methods_ = 1 << (int)method;
-            return (self_t&)*this;
-        }
-
-        template <typename ... MethodArgs>
-        self_t& methods(HTTPMethod method, MethodArgs ... args_method)
-        {
-            methods(args_method...);
-            ((self_t*)this)->methods_ |= 1 << (int)method;
-            return (self_t&)*this;
-        }
-
-    };
-
-    class DynamicRule : public BaseRule, public RuleParameterTraits<DynamicRule>
-    {
-    public:
-
-        DynamicRule(std::string rule)
-            : BaseRule(std::move(rule))
-        {
-        }
-
-        void validate() override
-        {
-            if (!erased_handler_)
-            {
-                throw std::runtime_error(name_ + (!name_.empty() ? ": " : "") + "no handler for url " + rule_);
-            }
-        }
-
-        void handle(const request& req, response& res, const routing_params& params) override
-        {
-            erased_handler_(req, res, params);
-        }
-
-        template <typename Func>
-        void operator()(Func f)
-        {
-#ifdef CROW_MSVC_WORKAROUND
-            using function_t = utility::function_traits<decltype(&Func::operator())>;
-#else
-            using function_t = utility::function_traits<Func>;
-#endif
-            erased_handler_ = wrap(std::move(f), black_magic::gen_seq<function_t::arity>());
-        }
-
-        // enable_if Arg1 == request && Arg2 == response
-        // enable_if Arg1 == request && Arg2 != resposne
-        // enable_if Arg1 != request
-#ifdef CROW_MSVC_WORKAROUND
-        template <typename Func, size_t ... Indices>
-#else
-        template <typename Func, unsigned ... Indices>
-#endif
-        std::function<void(const request&, response&, const routing_params&)> 
-        wrap(Func f, black_magic::seq<Indices...>)
-        {
-#ifdef CROW_MSVC_WORKAROUND
-            using function_t = utility::function_traits<decltype(&Func::operator())>;
-#else
-            using function_t = utility::function_traits<Func>;
-#endif
-            if (!black_magic::is_parameter_tag_compatible(
-                black_magic::get_parameter_tag_runtime(rule_.c_str()), 
-                black_magic::compute_parameter_tag_from_args_list<
-                    typename function_t::template arg<Indices>...>::value))
-            {
-                throw std::runtime_error("route_dynamic: Handler type is mismatched with URL parameters: " + rule_);
-            }
-            auto ret = detail::routing_handler_call_helper::Wrapped<Func, typename function_t::template arg<Indices>...>();
-            ret.template set_<
-                typename function_t::template arg<Indices>...
-            >(std::move(f));
-            return ret;
-        }
-
-        template <typename Func>
-        void operator()(std::string name, Func&& f)
-        {
-            name_ = std::move(name);
-            (*this).template operator()<Func>(std::forward(f));
-        }
-    private:
-        std::function<void(const request&, response&, const routing_params&)> erased_handler_;
-
-    };
-
-    template <typename ... Args>
-    class TaggedRule : public BaseRule, public RuleParameterTraits<TaggedRule<Args...>>
-    {
-    public:
-        using self_t = TaggedRule<Args...>;
-
-        TaggedRule(std::string rule)
-            : BaseRule(std::move(rule))
-        {
-        }
-
-        void validate() override
-        {
-            if (!handler_)
-            {
-                throw std::runtime_error(name_ + (!name_.empty() ? ": " : "") + "no handler for url " + rule_);
-            }
-        }
-
-        template <typename Func>
-        typename std::enable_if<black_magic::CallHelper<Func, black_magic::S<Args...>>::value, void>::type
-        operator()(Func&& f)
-        {
-            static_assert(black_magic::CallHelper<Func, black_magic::S<Args...>>::value ||
-                black_magic::CallHelper<Func, black_magic::S<crow::request, Args...>>::value , 
-                "Handler type is mismatched with URL parameters");
-            static_assert(!std::is_same<void, decltype(f(std::declval<Args>()...))>::value, 
-                "Handler function cannot have void return type; valid return types: string, int, crow::resposne, crow::json::wvalue");
-
-                handler_ = [f = std::move(f)](const request&, response& res, Args ... args){
-                    res = response(f(args...));
-                    res.end();
-                };
-        }
-
-        template <typename Func>
-        typename std::enable_if<
-            !black_magic::CallHelper<Func, black_magic::S<Args...>>::value &&
-            black_magic::CallHelper<Func, black_magic::S<crow::request, Args...>>::value, 
-            void>::type
-        operator()(Func&& f)
-        {
-            static_assert(black_magic::CallHelper<Func, black_magic::S<Args...>>::value ||
-                black_magic::CallHelper<Func, black_magic::S<crow::request, Args...>>::value, 
-                "Handler type is mismatched with URL parameters");
-            static_assert(!std::is_same<void, decltype(f(std::declval<crow::request>(), std::declval<Args>()...))>::value, 
-                "Handler function cannot have void return type; valid return types: string, int, crow::resposne, crow::json::wvalue");
-
-                handler_ = [f = std::move(f)](const crow::request& req, crow::response& res, Args ... args){
-                    res = response(f(req, args...));
-                    res.end();
-                };
-        }
-
-        template <typename Func>
-        typename std::enable_if<
-            !black_magic::CallHelper<Func, black_magic::S<Args...>>::value &&
-            !black_magic::CallHelper<Func, black_magic::S<crow::request, Args...>>::value, 
-            void>::type
-        operator()(Func&& f)
-        {
-            static_assert(black_magic::CallHelper<Func, black_magic::S<Args...>>::value ||
-                black_magic::CallHelper<Func, black_magic::S<crow::request, Args...>>::value ||
-                black_magic::CallHelper<Func, black_magic::S<crow::request, crow::response&, Args...>>::value
-                , 
-                "Handler type is mismatched with URL parameters");
-            static_assert(std::is_same<void, decltype(f(std::declval<crow::request>(), std::declval<crow::response&>(), std::declval<Args>()...))>::value, 
-                "Handler function with response argument should have void return type");
-
-                handler_ = std::move(f);
-        }
-
-        template <typename Func>
-        void operator()(std::string name, Func&& f)
-        {
-            name_ = std::move(name);
-            (*this).template operator()<Func>(std::forward(f));
-        }
-
-        void handle(const request& req, response& res, const routing_params& params) override
-        {
-            detail::routing_handler_call_helper::call<
-                detail::routing_handler_call_helper::call_params<
-                    decltype(handler_)>, 
-                0, 0, 0, 0, 
-                black_magic::S<Args...>, 
-                black_magic::S<>
-            >()(
-                detail::routing_handler_call_helper::call_params<
-                    decltype(handler_)>
-                {handler_, params, req, res}
-            );
-        }
-
-    private:
-        std::function<void(const crow::request&, crow::response&, Args...)> handler_;
-
-    };
-
-    const int RULE_SPECIAL_REDIRECT_SLASH = 1;
-
-    class Trie
-    {
-    public:
-        struct Node
-        {
-            unsigned rule_index{};
-            std::array<unsigned, (int)ParamType::MAX> param_childrens{};
-            std::unordered_map<std::string, unsigned> children;
-
-            bool IsSimpleNode() const
-            {
-                return 
-                    !rule_index &&
-                    std::all_of(
-                        std::begin(param_childrens), 
-                        std::end(param_childrens), 
-                        [](unsigned x){ return !x; });
-            }
-        };
-
-        Trie() : nodes_(1)
-        {
-        }
-
-private:
-        void optimizeNode(Node* node)
-        {
-            for(auto x : node->param_childrens)
-            {
-                if (!x)
-                    continue;
-                Node* child = &nodes_[x];
-                optimizeNode(child);
-            }
-            if (node->children.empty())
-                return;
-            bool mergeWithChild = true;
-            for(auto& kv : node->children)
-            {
-                Node* child = &nodes_[kv.second];
-                if (!child->IsSimpleNode())
-                {
-                    mergeWithChild = false;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (mergeWithChild)
-            {
-                decltype(node->children) merged;
-                for(auto& kv : node->children)
-                {
-                    Node* child = &nodes_[kv.second];
-                    for(auto& child_kv : child->children)
-                    {
-                        merged[kv.first + child_kv.first] = child_kv.second;
-                    }
-                }
-                node->children = std::move(merged);
-                optimizeNode(node);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                for(auto& kv : node->children)
-                {
-                    Node* child = &nodes_[kv.second];
-                    optimizeNode(child);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        void optimize()
-        {
-            optimizeNode(head());
-        }
-
-public:
-        void validate()
-        {
-            if (!head()->IsSimpleNode())
-                throw std::runtime_error("Internal error: Trie header should be simple!");
-            optimize();
-        }
-
-        std::pair<unsigned, routing_params> find(const std::string& req_url, const Node* node = nullptr, unsigned pos = 0, routing_params* params = nullptr) const
-        {
-            routing_params empty;
-            if (params == nullptr)
-                params = &empty;
-
-            unsigned found{};
-            routing_params match_params;
-
-            if (node == nullptr)
-                node = head();
-            if (pos == req_url.size())
-                return {node->rule_index, *params};
-
-            auto update_found = [&found, &match_params](std::pair<unsigned, routing_params>& ret)
-            {
-                if (ret.first && (!found || found > ret.first))
-                {
-                    found = ret.first;
-                    match_params = std::move(ret.second);
-                }
-            };
-
-            if (node->param_childrens[(int)ParamType::INT])
-            {
-                char c = req_url[pos];
-                if ((c >= '0' && c <= '9') || c == '+' || c == '-')
-                {
-                    char* eptr;
-                    errno = 0;
-                    long long int value = strtoll(req_url.data()+pos, &eptr, 10);
-                    if (errno != ERANGE && eptr != req_url.data()+pos)
-                    {
-                        params->int_params.push_back(value);
-                        auto ret = find(req_url, &nodes_[node->param_childrens[(int)ParamType::INT]], eptr - req_url.data(), params);
-                        update_found(ret);
-                        params->int_params.pop_back();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (node->param_childrens[(int)ParamType::UINT])
-            {
-                char c = req_url[pos];
-                if ((c >= '0' && c <= '9') || c == '+')
-                {
-                    char* eptr;
-                    errno = 0;
-                    unsigned long long int value = strtoull(req_url.data()+pos, &eptr, 10);
-                    if (errno != ERANGE && eptr != req_url.data()+pos)
-                    {
-                        params->uint_params.push_back(value);
-                        auto ret = find(req_url, &nodes_[node->param_childrens[(int)ParamType::UINT]], eptr - req_url.data(), params);
-                        update_found(ret);
-                        params->uint_params.pop_back();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (node->param_childrens[(int)ParamType::DOUBLE])
-            {
-                char c = req_url[pos];
-                if ((c >= '0' && c <= '9') || c == '+' || c == '-' || c == '.')
-                {
-                    char* eptr;
-                    errno = 0;
-                    double value = strtod(req_url.data()+pos, &eptr);
-                    if (errno != ERANGE && eptr != req_url.data()+pos)
-                    {
-                        params->double_params.push_back(value);
-                        auto ret = find(req_url, &nodes_[node->param_childrens[(int)ParamType::DOUBLE]], eptr - req_url.data(), params);
-                        update_found(ret);
-                        params->double_params.pop_back();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (node->param_childrens[(int)ParamType::STRING])
-            {
-                size_t epos = pos;
-                for(; epos < req_url.size(); epos ++)
-                {
-                    if (req_url[epos] == '/')
-                        break;
-                }
-
-                if (epos != pos)
-                {
-                    params->string_params.push_back(req_url.substr(pos, epos-pos));
-                    auto ret = find(req_url, &nodes_[node->param_childrens[(int)ParamType::STRING]], epos, params);
-                    update_found(ret);
-                    params->string_params.pop_back();
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (node->param_childrens[(int)ParamType::PATH])
-            {
-                size_t epos = req_url.size();
-
-                if (epos != pos)
-                {
-                    params->string_params.push_back(req_url.substr(pos, epos-pos));
-                    auto ret = find(req_url, &nodes_[node->param_childrens[(int)ParamType::PATH]], epos, params);
-                    update_found(ret);
-                    params->string_params.pop_back();
-                }
-            }
-
-            for(auto& kv : node->children)
-            {
-                const std::string& fragment = kv.first;
-                const Node* child = &nodes_[kv.second];
-
-                if (req_url.compare(pos, fragment.size(), fragment) == 0)
-                {
-                    auto ret = find(req_url, child, pos + fragment.size(), params);
-                    update_found(ret);
-                }
-            }
-
-            return {found, match_params};
-        }
-
-        void add(const std::string& url, unsigned rule_index)
-        {
-            unsigned idx{0};
-
-            for(unsigned i = 0; i < url.size(); i ++)
-            {
-                char c = url[i];
-                if (c == '<')
-                {
-                    static struct ParamTraits
-                    {
-                        ParamType type;
-                        std::string name;
-                    } paramTraits[] =
-                    {
-                        { ParamType::INT, "<int>" },
-                        { ParamType::UINT, "<uint>" },
-                        { ParamType::DOUBLE, "<float>" },
-                        { ParamType::DOUBLE, "<double>" },
-                        { ParamType::STRING, "<str>" },
-                        { ParamType::STRING, "<string>" },
-                        { ParamType::PATH, "<path>" },
-                    };
-
-                    for(auto& x:paramTraits)
-                    {
-                        if (url.compare(i, x.name.size(), x.name) == 0)
-                        {
-                            if (!nodes_[idx].param_childrens[(int)x.type])
-                            {
-                                auto new_node_idx = new_node();
-                                nodes_[idx].param_childrens[(int)x.type] = new_node_idx;
-                            }
-                            idx = nodes_[idx].param_childrens[(int)x.type];
-                            i += x.name.size();
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    i --;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    std::string piece(&c, 1);
-                    if (!nodes_[idx].children.count(piece))
-                    {
-                        auto new_node_idx = new_node();
-                        nodes_[idx].children.emplace(piece, new_node_idx);
-                    }
-                    idx = nodes_[idx].children[piece];
-                }
-            }
-            if (nodes_[idx].rule_index)
-                throw std::runtime_error("handler already exists for " + url);
-            nodes_[idx].rule_index = rule_index;
-        }
-    private:
-        void debug_node_print(Node* n, int level)
-        {
-            for(int i = 0; i < (int)ParamType::MAX; i ++)
-            {
-                if (n->param_childrens[i])
-                {
-                    CROW_LOG_DEBUG << std::string(2*level, ' ') /*<< "("<<n->param_childrens[i]<<") "*/;
-                    switch((ParamType)i)
-                    {
-                        case ParamType::INT:
-                            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "<int>";
-                            break;
-                        case ParamType::UINT:
-                            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "<uint>";
-                            break;
-                        case ParamType::DOUBLE:
-                            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "<float>";
-                            break;
-                        case ParamType::STRING:
-                            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "<str>";
-                            break;
-                        case ParamType::PATH:
-                            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "<path>";
-                            break;
-                        default:
-                            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "<ERROR>";
-                            break;
-                    }
-
-                    debug_node_print(&nodes_[n->param_childrens[i]], level+1);
-                }
-            }
-            for(auto& kv : n->children)
-            {
-                CROW_LOG_DEBUG << std::string(2*level, ' ') /*<< "(" << kv.second << ") "*/ << kv.first;
-                debug_node_print(&nodes_[kv.second], level+1);
-            }
-        }
-
-    public:
-        void debug_print()
-        {
-            debug_node_print(head(), 0);
-        }
-
-    private:
-        const Node* head() const
-        {
-            return &nodes_.front();
-        }
-
-        Node* head()
-        {
-            return &nodes_.front();
-        }
-
-        unsigned new_node()
-        {
-            nodes_.resize(nodes_.size()+1);
-            return nodes_.size() - 1;
-        }
-
-        std::vector<Node> nodes_;
-    };
-
-    class Router
-    {
-    public:
-        Router() : rules_(2) 
-        {
-        }
-
-        DynamicRule& new_rule_dynamic(const std::string& rule)
-        {
-            auto ruleObject = new DynamicRule(rule);
-
-            internal_add_rule_object(rule, ruleObject);
-
-            return *ruleObject;
-        }
-
-        template <uint64_t N>
-        typename black_magic::arguments<N>::type::template rebind<TaggedRule>& new_rule_tagged(const std::string& rule)
-        {
-            using RuleT = typename black_magic::arguments<N>::type::template rebind<TaggedRule>;
-            auto ruleObject = new RuleT(rule);
-
-            internal_add_rule_object(rule, ruleObject);
-
-            return *ruleObject;
-        }
-
-        void internal_add_rule_object(const std::string& rule, BaseRule* ruleObject)
-        {
-            rules_.emplace_back(ruleObject);
-            trie_.add(rule, rules_.size() - 1);
-
-            // directory case: 
-            //   request to `/about' url matches `/about/' rule 
-            if (rule.size() > 1 && rule.back() == '/')
-            {
-                std::string rule_without_trailing_slash = rule;
-                rule_without_trailing_slash.pop_back();
-                trie_.add(rule_without_trailing_slash, RULE_SPECIAL_REDIRECT_SLASH);
-            }
-        }
-
-        void validate()
-        {
-            trie_.validate();
-            for(auto& rule:rules_)
-            {
-                if (rule)
-				{
-					auto upgraded = rule->upgrade();
-					if (upgraded)
-						rule = std::move(upgraded);
-                    rule->validate();
-				}
-            }
-        }
-
-		template <typename Adaptor> 
-		void handle_upgrade(const request& req, response& res, Adaptor&& adaptor)
-		{
-            auto found = trie_.find(req.url);
-            unsigned rule_index = found.first;
-            if (!rule_index)
-            {
-                CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "Cannot match rules " << req.url;
-                res = response(404);
-                res.end();
-                return;
-            }
-
-            if (rule_index >= rules_.size())
-                throw std::runtime_error("Trie internal structure corrupted!");
-
-            if (rule_index == RULE_SPECIAL_REDIRECT_SLASH)
-            {
-                CROW_LOG_INFO << "Redirecting to a url with trailing slash: " << req.url;
-                res = response(301);
-
-                // TODO absolute url building
-                if (req.get_header_value("Host").empty())
-                {
-                    res.add_header("Location", req.url + "/");
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    res.add_header("Location", "http://" + req.get_header_value("Host") + req.url + "/");
-                }
-                res.end();
-                return;
-            }
-
-            if ((rules_[rule_index]->get_methods() & (1<<(uint32_t)req.method)) == 0)
-            {
-                CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "Rule found but method mismatch: " << req.url << " with " << method_name(req.method) << "(" << (uint32_t)req.method << ") / " << rules_[rule_index]->get_methods();
-                res = response(404);
-                res.end();
-                return;
-            }
-
-            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "Matched rule (upgrade) '" << rules_[rule_index]->rule_ << "' " << (uint32_t)req.method << " / " << rules_[rule_index]->get_methods();
-
-            // any uncaught exceptions become 500s
-            try
-            {
-                rules_[rule_index]->handle_upgrade(req, res, std::move(adaptor));
-            }
-            catch(std::exception& e)
-            {
-                CROW_LOG_ERROR << "An uncaught exception occurred: " << e.what();
-                res = response(500);
-                res.end();
-                return;   
-            }
-            catch(...)
-            {
-                CROW_LOG_ERROR << "An uncaught exception occurred. The type was unknown so no information was available.";
-                res = response(500);
-                res.end();
-                return;   
-            }
-		}
-
-        void handle(const request& req, response& res)
-        {
-            auto found = trie_.find(req.url);
-
-            unsigned rule_index = found.first;
-
-            if (!rule_index)
-            {
-                CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "Cannot match rules " << req.url;
-                res = response(404);
-                res.end();
-                return;
-            }
-
-            if (rule_index >= rules_.size())
-                throw std::runtime_error("Trie internal structure corrupted!");
-
-            if (rule_index == RULE_SPECIAL_REDIRECT_SLASH)
-            {
-                CROW_LOG_INFO << "Redirecting to a url with trailing slash: " << req.url;
-                res = response(301);
-
-                // TODO absolute url building
-                if (req.get_header_value("Host").empty())
-                {
-                    res.add_header("Location", req.url + "/");
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    res.add_header("Location", "http://" + req.get_header_value("Host") + req.url + "/");
-                }
-                res.end();
-                return;
-            }
-
-            if ((rules_[rule_index]->get_methods() & (1<<(uint32_t)req.method)) == 0)
-            {
-                CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "Rule found but method mismatch: " << req.url << " with " << method_name(req.method) << "(" << (uint32_t)req.method << ") / " << rules_[rule_index]->get_methods();
-                res = response(404);
-                res.end();
-                return;
-            }
-
-            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "Matched rule '" << rules_[rule_index]->rule_ << "' " << (uint32_t)req.method << " / " << rules_[rule_index]->get_methods();
-
-            // any uncaught exceptions become 500s
-            try
-            {
-                rules_[rule_index]->handle(req, res, found.second);
-            }
-            catch(std::exception& e)
-            {
-                CROW_LOG_ERROR << "An uncaught exception occurred: " << e.what();
-                res = response(500);
-                res.end();
-                return;   
-            }
-            catch(...)
-            {
-                CROW_LOG_ERROR << "An uncaught exception occurred. The type was unknown so no information was available.";
-                res = response(500);
-                res.end();
-                return;   
-            }
-        }
-
-        void debug_print()
-        {
-            trie_.debug_print();
-        }
-
-    private:
-        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<BaseRule>> rules_;
-        Trie trie_;
-    };
-}
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-namespace crow
-{
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        template <typename ... Middlewares>
-        struct partial_context
-            : public black_magic::pop_back<Middlewares...>::template rebind<partial_context>
-            , public black_magic::last_element_type<Middlewares...>::type::context
-        {
-            using parent_context = typename black_magic::pop_back<Middlewares...>::template rebind<::crow::detail::partial_context>;
-            template <int N>
-            using partial = typename std::conditional<N == sizeof...(Middlewares)-1, partial_context, typename parent_context::template partial<N>>::type;
-
-            template <typename T> 
-            typename T::context& get()
-            {
-                return static_cast<typename T::context&>(*this);
-            }
-        };
-
-        template <>
-        struct partial_context<>
-        {
-            template <int>
-            using partial = partial_context;
-        };
-
-        template <int N, typename Context, typename Container, typename CurrentMW, typename ... Middlewares>
-        bool middleware_call_helper(Container& middlewares, request& req, response& res, Context& ctx);
-
-        template <typename ... Middlewares>
-        struct context : private partial_context<Middlewares...>
-        //struct context : private Middlewares::context... // simple but less type-safe
-        {
-            template <int N, typename Context, typename Container>
-            friend typename std::enable_if<(N==0)>::type after_handlers_call_helper(Container& middlewares, Context& ctx, request& req, response& res);
-            template <int N, typename Context, typename Container>
-            friend typename std::enable_if<(N>0)>::type after_handlers_call_helper(Container& middlewares, Context& ctx, request& req, response& res);
-
-            template <int N, typename Context, typename Container, typename CurrentMW, typename ... Middlewares2>
-            friend bool middleware_call_helper(Container& middlewares, request& req, response& res, Context& ctx);
-
-            template <typename T> 
-            typename T::context& get()
-            {
-                return static_cast<typename T::context&>(*this);
-            }
-
-            template <int N>
-            using partial = typename partial_context<Middlewares...>::template partial<N>;
-        };
-    }
-}
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-#include <boost/algorithm/string/trim.hpp>
-
-
-
-
-
-namespace crow
-{
-    // Any middleware requires following 3 members:
-
-    // struct context;
-    //      storing data for the middleware; can be read from another middleware or handlers
-
-    // before_handle
-    //      called before handling the request.
-    //      if res.end() is called, the operation is halted. 
-    //      (still call after_handle of this middleware)
-    //      2 signatures:
-    //      void before_handle(request& req, response& res, context& ctx)
-    //          if you only need to access this middlewares context.
-    //      template <typename AllContext>
-    //      void before_handle(request& req, response& res, context& ctx, AllContext& all_ctx)
-    //          you can access another middlewares' context by calling `all_ctx.template get<MW>()'
-    //          ctx == all_ctx.template get<CurrentMiddleware>()
-
-    // after_handle
-    //      called after handling the request.
-    //      void after_handle(request& req, response& res, context& ctx)
-    //      template <typename AllContext>
-    //      void after_handle(request& req, response& res, context& ctx, AllContext& all_ctx)
-
-    struct CookieParser
-    {
-        struct context
-        {
-            std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> jar;
-            std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> cookies_to_add;
-
-            std::string get_cookie(const std::string& key)
-            {
-                if (jar.count(key))
-                    return jar[key];
-                return {};
-            }
-
-            void set_cookie(const std::string& key, const std::string& value)
-            {
-                cookies_to_add.emplace(key, value);
-            }
-        };
-
-        void before_handle(request& req, response& res, context& ctx)
-        {
-            int count = req.headers.count("Cookie");
-            if (!count)
-                return;
-            if (count > 1)
-            {
-                res.code = 400;
-                res.end();
-                return;
-            }
-            std::string cookies = req.get_header_value("Cookie");
-            size_t pos = 0;
-            while(pos < cookies.size())
-            {
-                size_t pos_equal = cookies.find('=', pos);
-                if (pos_equal == cookies.npos)
-                    break;
-                std::string name = cookies.substr(pos, pos_equal-pos);
-                boost::trim(name);
-                pos = pos_equal+1;
-                while(pos < cookies.size() && cookies[pos] == ' ') pos++;
-                if (pos == cookies.size())
-                    break;
-
-                std::string value;
-
-                if (cookies[pos] == '"')
-                {
-                    int dquote_meet_count = 0;
-                    pos ++;
-                    size_t pos_dquote = pos-1;
-                    do
-                    {
-                        pos_dquote = cookies.find('"', pos_dquote+1);
-                        dquote_meet_count ++;
-                    } while(pos_dquote < cookies.size() && cookies[pos_dquote-1] == '\\');
-                    if (pos_dquote == cookies.npos)
-                        break;
-
-                    if (dquote_meet_count == 1)
-                        value = cookies.substr(pos, pos_dquote - pos);
-                    else
-                    {
-                        value.clear();
-                        value.reserve(pos_dquote-pos);
-                        for(size_t p = pos; p < pos_dquote; p++)
-                        {
-                            // FIXME minimal escaping
-                            if (cookies[p] == '\\' && p + 1 < pos_dquote)
-                            {
-                                p++;
-                                if (cookies[p] == '\\' || cookies[p] == '"')
-                                    value += cookies[p];
-                                else
-                                {
-                                    value += '\\';
-                                    value += cookies[p];
-                                }
-                            }
-                            else
-                                value += cookies[p];
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    ctx.jar.emplace(std::move(name), std::move(value));
-                    pos = cookies.find(";", pos_dquote+1);
-                    if (pos == cookies.npos)
-                        break;
-                    pos++;
-                    while(pos < cookies.size() && cookies[pos] == ' ') pos++;
-                    if (pos == cookies.size())
-                        break;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    size_t pos_semicolon = cookies.find(';', pos);
-                    value = cookies.substr(pos, pos_semicolon - pos);
-                    boost::trim(value);
-                    ctx.jar.emplace(std::move(name), std::move(value));
-                    pos = pos_semicolon;
-                    if (pos == cookies.npos)
-                        break;
-                    pos ++;
-                    while(pos < cookies.size() && cookies[pos] == ' ') pos++;
-                    if (pos == cookies.size())
-                        break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        void after_handle(request& /*req*/, response& res, context& ctx)
-        {
-            for(auto& cookie:ctx.cookies_to_add)
-            {
-                res.add_header("Set-Cookie", cookie.first + "=" + cookie.second);
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    /*
-    App<CookieParser, AnotherJarMW> app;
-    A B C
-    A::context
-        int aa;
-
-    ctx1 : public A::context
-    ctx2 : public ctx1, public B::context
-    ctx3 : public ctx2, public C::context
-
-    C depends on A
-
-    C::handle
-        context.aaa
-
-    App::context : private CookieParser::contetx, ... 
-    {
-        jar
-
-    }
-
-    SimpleApp
-    */
-}
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-#include <boost/asio.hpp>
-#include <boost/algorithm/string/predicate.hpp>
-#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
-#include <boost/array.hpp>
-#include <atomic>
-#include <chrono>
-#include <vector>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-namespace crow
-{
-    using namespace boost;
-    using tcp = asio::ip::tcp;
-
-    namespace detail
-    {
-        template <typename MW>
-        struct check_before_handle_arity_3_const
-        {
-            template <typename T,
-                void (T::*)(request&, response&, typename MW::context&) const = &T::before_handle
-            >
-            struct get
-            { };
-        };
-
-        template <typename MW>
-        struct check_before_handle_arity_3
-        {
-            template <typename T,
-                void (T::*)(request&, response&, typename MW::context&) = &T::before_handle
-            >
-            struct get
-            { };
-        };
-
-        template <typename MW>
-        struct check_after_handle_arity_3_const
-        {
-            template <typename T,
-                void (T::*)(request&, response&, typename MW::context&) const = &T::after_handle
-            >
-            struct get
-            { };
-        };
-
-        template <typename MW>
-        struct check_after_handle_arity_3
-        {
-            template <typename T,
-                void (T::*)(request&, response&, typename MW::context&) = &T::after_handle
-            >
-            struct get
-            { };
-        };
-
-        template <typename T>
-        struct is_before_handle_arity_3_impl
-        {
-            template <typename C>
-            static std::true_type f(typename check_before_handle_arity_3_const<T>::template get<C>*);
-
-            template <typename C>
-            static std::true_type f(typename check_before_handle_arity_3<T>::template get<C>*);
-
-            template <typename C>
-            static std::false_type f(...);
-
-        public:
-            static const bool value = decltype(f<T>(nullptr))::value;
-        };
-
-        template <typename T>
-        struct is_after_handle_arity_3_impl
-        {
-            template <typename C>
-            static std::true_type f(typename check_after_handle_arity_3_const<T>::template get<C>*);
-
-            template <typename C>
-            static std::true_type f(typename check_after_handle_arity_3<T>::template get<C>*);
-
-            template <typename C>
-            static std::false_type f(...);
-
-        public:
-            static const bool value = decltype(f<T>(nullptr))::value;
-        };
-
-        template <typename MW, typename Context, typename ParentContext>
-        typename std::enable_if<!is_before_handle_arity_3_impl<MW>::value>::type
-        before_handler_call(MW& mw, request& req, response& res, Context& ctx, ParentContext& /*parent_ctx*/)
-        {
-            mw.before_handle(req, res, ctx.template get<MW>(), ctx);
-        }
-
-        template <typename MW, typename Context, typename ParentContext>
-        typename std::enable_if<is_before_handle_arity_3_impl<MW>::value>::type
-        before_handler_call(MW& mw, request& req, response& res, Context& ctx, ParentContext& /*parent_ctx*/)
-        {
-            mw.before_handle(req, res, ctx.template get<MW>());
-        }
-
-        template <typename MW, typename Context, typename ParentContext>
-        typename std::enable_if<!is_after_handle_arity_3_impl<MW>::value>::type
-        after_handler_call(MW& mw, request& req, response& res, Context& ctx, ParentContext& /*parent_ctx*/)
-        {
-            mw.after_handle(req, res, ctx.template get<MW>(), ctx);
-        }
-
-        template <typename MW, typename Context, typename ParentContext>
-        typename std::enable_if<is_after_handle_arity_3_impl<MW>::value>::type
-        after_handler_call(MW& mw, request& req, response& res, Context& ctx, ParentContext& /*parent_ctx*/)
-        {
-            mw.after_handle(req, res, ctx.template get<MW>());
-        }
-
-        template <int N, typename Context, typename Container, typename CurrentMW, typename ... Middlewares>
-        bool middleware_call_helper(Container& middlewares, request& req, response& res, Context& ctx)
-        {
-            using parent_context_t = typename Context::template partial<N-1>;
-            before_handler_call<CurrentMW, Context, parent_context_t>(std::get<N>(middlewares), req, res, ctx, static_cast<parent_context_t&>(ctx));
-
-            if (res.is_completed())
-            {
-                after_handler_call<CurrentMW, Context, parent_context_t>(std::get<N>(middlewares), req, res, ctx, static_cast<parent_context_t&>(ctx));
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            if (middleware_call_helper<N+1, Context, Container, Middlewares...>(middlewares, req, res, ctx))
-            {
-                after_handler_call<CurrentMW, Context, parent_context_t>(std::get<N>(middlewares), req, res, ctx, static_cast<parent_context_t&>(ctx));
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        template <int N, typename Context, typename Container>
-        bool middleware_call_helper(Container& /*middlewares*/, request& /*req*/, response& /*res*/, Context& /*ctx*/)
-        {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        template <int N, typename Context, typename Container>
-        typename std::enable_if<(N<0)>::type 
-        after_handlers_call_helper(Container& /*middlewares*/, Context& /*context*/, request& /*req*/, response& /*res*/)
-        {
-        }
-
-        template <int N, typename Context, typename Container>
-        typename std::enable_if<(N==0)>::type after_handlers_call_helper(Container& middlewares, Context& ctx, request& req, response& res)
-        {
-            using parent_context_t = typename Context::template partial<N-1>;
-            using CurrentMW = typename std::tuple_element<N, typename std::remove_reference<Container>::type>::type;
-            after_handler_call<CurrentMW, Context, parent_context_t>(std::get<N>(middlewares), req, res, ctx, static_cast<parent_context_t&>(ctx));
-        }
-
-        template <int N, typename Context, typename Container>
-        typename std::enable_if<(N>0)>::type after_handlers_call_helper(Container& middlewares, Context& ctx, request& req, response& res)
-        {
-            using parent_context_t = typename Context::template partial<N-1>;
-            using CurrentMW = typename std::tuple_element<N, typename std::remove_reference<Container>::type>::type;
-            after_handler_call<CurrentMW, Context, parent_context_t>(std::get<N>(middlewares), req, res, ctx, static_cast<parent_context_t&>(ctx));
-            after_handlers_call_helper<N-1, Context, Container>(middlewares, ctx, req, res);
-        }
-    }
-
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_DEBUG
-    static int connectionCount;
-#endif
-    template <typename Adaptor, typename Handler, typename ... Middlewares>
-    class Connection
-    {
-    public:
-        Connection(
-            boost::asio::io_service& io_service, 
-            Handler* handler, 
-            const std::string& server_name,
-            std::tuple<Middlewares...>* middlewares,
-            std::function<std::string()>& get_cached_date_str_f,
-            detail::dumb_timer_queue& timer_queue,
-            typename Adaptor::context* adaptor_ctx_
-            ) 
-            : adaptor_(io_service, adaptor_ctx_), 
-            handler_(handler), 
-            parser_(this), 
-            server_name_(server_name),
-            middlewares_(middlewares),
-            get_cached_date_str(get_cached_date_str_f),
-            timer_queue(timer_queue)
-        {
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_DEBUG
-            connectionCount ++;
-            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "Connection open, total " << connectionCount << ", " << this;
-#endif
-        }
-        
-        ~Connection()
-        {
-            res.complete_request_handler_ = nullptr;
-            cancel_deadline_timer();
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_DEBUG
-            connectionCount --;
-            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "Connection closed, total " << connectionCount << ", " << this;
-#endif
-        }
-
-        decltype(std::declval<Adaptor>().raw_socket())& socket()
-        {
-            return adaptor_.raw_socket();
-        }
-
-        void start()
-        {
-            adaptor_.start([this](const boost::system::error_code& ec) {
-                if (!ec)
-                {
-                    start_deadline();
-
-                    do_read();
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    check_destroy();
-                }
-            });
-        }
-
-        void handle_header()
-        {
-            // HTTP 1.1 Expect: 100-continue
-            if (parser_.check_version(1, 1) && parser_.headers.count("expect") && get_header_value(parser_.headers, "expect") == "100-continue")
-            {
-                buffers_.clear();
-                static std::string expect_100_continue = "HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\r\n";
-                buffers_.emplace_back(expect_100_continue.data(), expect_100_continue.size());
-                do_write();
-            }
-        }
-
-        void handle()
-        {
-            cancel_deadline_timer();
-            bool is_invalid_request = false;
-            add_keep_alive_ = false;
-
-            req_ = std::move(parser_.to_request());
-            request& req = req_;
-
-            if (parser_.check_version(1, 0))
-            {
-                // HTTP/1.0
-                if (req.headers.count("connection"))
-                {
-                    if (boost::iequals(req.get_header_value("connection"),"Keep-Alive"))
-                        add_keep_alive_ = true;
-                }
-                else
-                    close_connection_ = true;
-            }
-            else if (parser_.check_version(1, 1))
-            {
-                // HTTP/1.1
-                if (req.headers.count("connection"))
-                {
-                    if (req.get_header_value("connection") == "close")
-                        close_connection_ = true;
-                    else if (boost::iequals(req.get_header_value("connection"),"Keep-Alive"))
-                        add_keep_alive_ = true;
-                }
-                if (!req.headers.count("host"))
-                {
-                    is_invalid_request = true;
-                    res = response(400);
-                }
-				if (parser_.is_upgrade())
-				{
-					if (req.get_header_value("upgrade") == "h2c")
-					{
-						// TODO HTTP/2
-                        // currently, ignore upgrade header
-					}
-                    else
-                    {
-                        close_connection_ = true;
-                        handler_->handle_upgrade(req, res, std::move(adaptor_));
-                        return;
-                    }
-				}
-            }
-
-            CROW_LOG_INFO << "Request: " << boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(adaptor_.remote_endpoint()) << " " << this << " HTTP/" << parser_.http_major << "." << parser_.http_minor << ' '
-             << method_name(req.method) << " " << req.url;
-
-
-            need_to_call_after_handlers_ = false;
-            if (!is_invalid_request)
-            {
-                res.complete_request_handler_ = []{};
-                res.is_alive_helper_ = [this]()->bool{ return adaptor_.is_open(); };
-
-                ctx_ = detail::context<Middlewares...>();
-                req.middleware_context = (void*)&ctx_;
-                req.io_service = &adaptor_.get_io_service();
-                detail::middleware_call_helper<0, decltype(ctx_), decltype(*middlewares_), Middlewares...>(*middlewares_, req, res, ctx_);
-
-                if (!res.completed_)
-                {
-                    res.complete_request_handler_ = [this]{ this->complete_request(); };
-                    need_to_call_after_handlers_ = true;
-                    handler_->handle(req, res);
-                    if (add_keep_alive_)
-                        res.set_header("connection", "Keep-Alive");
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    complete_request();
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                complete_request();
-            }
-        }
-
-        void complete_request()
-        {
-            CROW_LOG_INFO << "Response: " << this << ' ' << req_.raw_url << ' ' << res.code << ' ' << close_connection_;
-
-            if (need_to_call_after_handlers_)
-            {
-                need_to_call_after_handlers_ = false;
-
-                // call all after_handler of middlewares
-                detail::after_handlers_call_helper<
-                    ((int)sizeof...(Middlewares)-1),
-                    decltype(ctx_),
-                    decltype(*middlewares_)> 
-                (*middlewares_, ctx_, req_, res);
-            }
-
-            //auto self = this->shared_from_this();
-            res.complete_request_handler_ = nullptr;
-            
-            if (!adaptor_.is_open())
-            {
-                //CROW_LOG_DEBUG << this << " delete (socket is closed) " << is_reading << ' ' << is_writing;
-                //delete this;
-                return;
-            }
-
-            static std::unordered_map<int, std::string> statusCodes = {
-                {200, "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"},
-                {201, "HTTP/1.1 201 Created\r\n"},
-                {202, "HTTP/1.1 202 Accepted\r\n"},
-                {204, "HTTP/1.1 204 No Content\r\n"},
-
-                {300, "HTTP/1.1 300 Multiple Choices\r\n"},
-                {301, "HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently\r\n"},
-                {302, "HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily\r\n"},
-                {304, "HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified\r\n"},
-
-                {400, "HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request\r\n"},
-                {401, "HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized\r\n"},
-                {403, "HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden\r\n"},
-                {404, "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n"},
-                {422, "HTTP/1.1 422 Unprocessable Entity\r\n"},
-
-                {500, "HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error\r\n"},
-                {501, "HTTP/1.1 501 Not Implemented\r\n"},
-                {502, "HTTP/1.1 502 Bad Gateway\r\n"},
-                {503, "HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\n"},
-            };
-
-            static std::string seperator = ": ";
-            static std::string crlf = "\r\n";
-
-            buffers_.clear();
-            buffers_.reserve(4*(res.headers.size()+5)+3);
-
-            if (res.body.empty() && res.json_value.t() == json::type::Object)
-            {
-                res.body = json::dump(res.json_value);
-            }
-
-            if (!statusCodes.count(res.code))
-                res.code = 500;
-            {
-                auto& status = statusCodes.find(res.code)->second;
-                buffers_.emplace_back(status.data(), status.size());
-            }
-
-            if (res.code >= 400 && res.body.empty())
-                res.body = statusCodes[res.code].substr(9);
-
-            for(auto& kv : res.headers)
-            {
-                buffers_.emplace_back(kv.first.data(), kv.first.size());
-                buffers_.emplace_back(seperator.data(), seperator.size());
-                buffers_.emplace_back(kv.second.data(), kv.second.size());
-                buffers_.emplace_back(crlf.data(), crlf.size());
-
-            }
-
-            if (!res.headers.count("content-length"))
-            {
-                content_length_ = std::to_string(res.body.size());
-                static std::string content_length_tag = "Content-Length: ";
-                buffers_.emplace_back(content_length_tag.data(), content_length_tag.size());
-                buffers_.emplace_back(content_length_.data(), content_length_.size());
-                buffers_.emplace_back(crlf.data(), crlf.size());
-            }
-            if (!res.headers.count("server"))
-            {
-                static std::string server_tag = "Server: ";
-                buffers_.emplace_back(server_tag.data(), server_tag.size());
-                buffers_.emplace_back(server_name_.data(), server_name_.size());
-                buffers_.emplace_back(crlf.data(), crlf.size());
-            }
-            if (!res.headers.count("date"))
-            {
-                static std::string date_tag = "Date: ";
-                date_str_ = get_cached_date_str();
-                buffers_.emplace_back(date_tag.data(), date_tag.size());
-                buffers_.emplace_back(date_str_.data(), date_str_.size());
-                buffers_.emplace_back(crlf.data(), crlf.size());
-            }
-            if (add_keep_alive_)
-            {
-                static std::string keep_alive_tag = "Connection: Keep-Alive";
-                buffers_.emplace_back(keep_alive_tag.data(), keep_alive_tag.size());
-                buffers_.emplace_back(crlf.data(), crlf.size());
-            }
-
-            buffers_.emplace_back(crlf.data(), crlf.size());
-            res_body_copy_.swap(res.body);
-            buffers_.emplace_back(res_body_copy_.data(), res_body_copy_.size());
-
-            do_write();
-
-            if (need_to_start_read_after_complete_)
-            {
-                need_to_start_read_after_complete_ = false;
-                start_deadline();
-                do_read();
-            }
-        }
-
-    private:
-        void do_read()
-        {
-            //auto self = this->shared_from_this();
-            is_reading = true;
-            adaptor_.socket().async_read_some(boost::asio::buffer(buffer_), 
-                [this](const boost::system::error_code& ec, std::size_t bytes_transferred)
-                {
-                    bool error_while_reading = true;
-                    if (!ec)
-                    {
-                        bool ret = parser_.feed(buffer_.data(), bytes_transferred);
-                        if (ret && adaptor_.is_open())
-                        {
-                            error_while_reading = false;
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    if (error_while_reading)
-                    {
-                        cancel_deadline_timer();
-                        parser_.done();
-                        adaptor_.close();
-                        is_reading = false;
-                        CROW_LOG_DEBUG << this << " from read(1)";
-                        check_destroy();
-                    }
-                    else if (close_connection_)
-                    {
-                        cancel_deadline_timer();
-                        parser_.done();
-                        is_reading = false;
-                        check_destroy();
-                        // adaptor will close after write
-                    }
-                    else if (!need_to_call_after_handlers_)
-                    {
-                        start_deadline();
-                        do_read();
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        // res will be completed later by user
-                        need_to_start_read_after_complete_ = true;
-                    }
-                });
-        }
-
-        void do_write()
-        {
-            //auto self = this->shared_from_this();
-            is_writing = true;
-            boost::asio::async_write(adaptor_.socket(), buffers_, 
-                [&](const boost::system::error_code& ec, std::size_t /*bytes_transferred*/)
-                {
-                    is_writing = false;
-                    res.clear();
-                    res_body_copy_.clear();
-                    if (!ec)
-                    {
-                        if (close_connection_)
-                        {
-                            adaptor_.close();
-                            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << this << " from write(1)";
-                            check_destroy();
-                        }
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        CROW_LOG_DEBUG << this << " from write(2)";
-                        check_destroy();
-                    }
-                });
-        }
-
-        void check_destroy()
-        {
-            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << this << " is_reading " << is_reading << " is_writing " << is_writing;
-            if (!is_reading && !is_writing)
-            {
-                CROW_LOG_DEBUG << this << " delete (idle) ";
-                delete this;
-            }
-        }
-
-        void cancel_deadline_timer()
-        {
-            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << this << " timer cancelled: " << timer_cancel_key_.first << ' ' << timer_cancel_key_.second;
-            timer_queue.cancel(timer_cancel_key_);
-        }
-
-        void start_deadline(/*int timeout = 5*/)
-        {
-            cancel_deadline_timer();
-            
-            timer_cancel_key_ = timer_queue.add([this]
-            {
-                if (!adaptor_.is_open())
-                {
-                    return;
-                }
-                adaptor_.close();
-            });
-            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << this << " timer added: " << timer_cancel_key_.first << ' ' << timer_cancel_key_.second;
-        }
-
-    private:
-        Adaptor adaptor_;
-        Handler* handler_;
-
-        boost::array<char, 4096> buffer_;
-
-        HTTPParser<Connection> parser_;
-        request req_;
-        response res;
-
-        bool close_connection_ = false;
-
-        const std::string& server_name_;
-        std::vector<boost::asio::const_buffer> buffers_;
-
-        std::string content_length_;
-        std::string date_str_;
-        std::string res_body_copy_;
-
-        //boost::asio::deadline_timer deadline_;
-        detail::dumb_timer_queue::key timer_cancel_key_;
-
-        bool is_reading{};
-        bool is_writing{};
-        bool need_to_call_after_handlers_{};
-        bool need_to_start_read_after_complete_{};
-        bool add_keep_alive_{};
-
-        std::tuple<Middlewares...>* middlewares_;
-        detail::context<Middlewares...> ctx_;
-
-        std::function<std::string()>& get_cached_date_str;
-        detail::dumb_timer_queue& timer_queue;
-    };
-
-}
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <chrono>
-#include <boost/date_time/posix_time/posix_time.hpp>
-#include <boost/asio.hpp>
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_SSL
-#include <boost/asio/ssl.hpp>
-#endif
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <atomic>
-#include <future>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <memory>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-namespace crow
-{
-    using namespace boost;
-    using tcp = asio::ip::tcp;
-
-    template <typename Handler, typename Adaptor = SocketAdaptor, typename ... Middlewares>
-    class Server
-    {
-    public:
-    Server(Handler* handler, std::string bindaddr, uint16_t port, std::tuple<Middlewares...>* middlewares = nullptr, uint16_t concurrency = 1, typename Adaptor::context* adaptor_ctx = nullptr)
-            : acceptor_(io_service_, tcp::endpoint(boost::asio::ip::address::from_string(bindaddr), port)),
-            signals_(io_service_, SIGINT, SIGTERM),
-            tick_timer_(io_service_),
-            handler_(handler),
-            concurrency_(concurrency),
-            port_(port),
-            bindaddr_(bindaddr),
-            middlewares_(middlewares),
-            adaptor_ctx_(adaptor_ctx)
-        {
-        }
-
-        void set_tick_function(std::chrono::milliseconds d, std::function<void()> f)
-        {
-            tick_interval_ = d;
-            tick_function_ = f;
-        }
-
-        void on_tick()
-        {
-            tick_function_();
-            tick_timer_.expires_from_now(boost::posix_time::milliseconds(tick_interval_.count()));
-            tick_timer_.async_wait([this](const boost::system::error_code& ec)
-                    {
-                        if (ec)
-                            return;
-                        on_tick();
-                    });
-        }
-
-        void run()
-        {
-            if (concurrency_ < 0)
-                concurrency_ = 1;
-
-            for(int i = 0; i < concurrency_;  i++)
-                io_service_pool_.emplace_back(new boost::asio::io_service());
-            get_cached_date_str_pool_.resize(concurrency_);
-            timer_queue_pool_.resize(concurrency_);
-
-            std::vector<std::future<void>> v;
-            std::atomic<int> init_count(0);
-            for(uint16_t i = 0; i < concurrency_; i ++)
-                v.push_back(
-                        std::async(std::launch::async, [this, i, &init_count]{
-
-                            // thread local date string get function
-                            auto last = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-
-                            std::string date_str;
-                            auto update_date_str = [&]
-                            {
-                                auto last_time_t = time(0);
-                                tm my_tm;
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-                                gmtime_s(&my_tm, &last_time_t);
-#else
-                                gmtime_r(&last_time_t, &my_tm);
-#endif
-                                date_str.resize(100);
-                                size_t date_str_sz = strftime(&date_str[0], 99, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", &my_tm);
-                                date_str.resize(date_str_sz);
-                            };
-                            update_date_str();
-                            get_cached_date_str_pool_[i] = [&]()->std::string
-                            {
-                                if (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - last >= std::chrono::seconds(1))
-                                {
-                                    last = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-                                    update_date_str();
-                                }
-                                return date_str;
-                            };
-
-                            // initializing timer queue
-                            detail::dumb_timer_queue timer_queue;
-                            timer_queue_pool_[i] = &timer_queue;
-
-                            timer_queue.set_io_service(*io_service_pool_[i]);
-                            boost::asio::deadline_timer timer(*io_service_pool_[i]);
-                            timer.expires_from_now(boost::posix_time::seconds(1));
-
-                            std::function<void(const boost::system::error_code& ec)> handler;
-                            handler = [&](const boost::system::error_code& ec){
-                                if (ec)
-                                    return;
-                                timer_queue.process();
-                                timer.expires_from_now(boost::posix_time::seconds(1));
-                                timer.async_wait(handler);
-                            };
-                            timer.async_wait(handler);
-
-                            init_count ++;
-                            try 
-                            {
-                                io_service_pool_[i]->run();
-                            } catch(std::exception& e)
-                            {
-                                CROW_LOG_ERROR << "Worker Crash: An uncaught exception occurred: " << e.what();
-                            }
-                        }));
-
-            if (tick_function_ && tick_interval_.count() > 0) 
-            {
-                tick_timer_.expires_from_now(boost::posix_time::milliseconds(tick_interval_.count()));
-                tick_timer_.async_wait([this](const boost::system::error_code& ec)
-                        {
-                            if (ec)
-                                return;
-                            on_tick();
-                        });
-            }
-
-            CROW_LOG_INFO << server_name_ << " server is running, local port " << port_;
-
-            signals_.async_wait(
-                [&](const boost::system::error_code& /*error*/, int /*signal_number*/){
-                    stop();
-                });
-
-            while(concurrency_ != init_count)
-                std::this_thread::yield();
-
-            do_accept();
-
-            std::thread([this]{
-                io_service_.run();
-                CROW_LOG_INFO << "Exiting.";
-            }).join();
-        }
-
-        void stop()
-        {
-            io_service_.stop();
-            for(auto& io_service:io_service_pool_)
-                io_service->stop();
-        }
-
-    private:
-        asio::io_service& pick_io_service()
-        {
-            // TODO load balancing
-            roundrobin_index_++;
-            if (roundrobin_index_ >= io_service_pool_.size())
-                roundrobin_index_ = 0;
-            return *io_service_pool_[roundrobin_index_];
-        }
-
-        void do_accept()
-        {
-            asio::io_service& is = pick_io_service();
-            auto p = new Connection<Adaptor, Handler, Middlewares...>(
-                is, handler_, server_name_, middlewares_,
-                get_cached_date_str_pool_[roundrobin_index_], *timer_queue_pool_[roundrobin_index_],
-                adaptor_ctx_);
-            acceptor_.async_accept(p->socket(),
-                [this, p, &is](boost::system::error_code ec)
-                {
-                    if (!ec)
-                    {
-                        is.post([p]
-                        {
-                            p->start();
-                        });
-                    }
-                    do_accept();
-                });
-        }
-
-    private:
-        asio::io_service io_service_;
-        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<asio::io_service>> io_service_pool_;
-        std::vector<detail::dumb_timer_queue*> timer_queue_pool_;
-        std::vector<std::function<std::string()>> get_cached_date_str_pool_;
-        tcp::acceptor acceptor_;
-        boost::asio::signal_set signals_;
-        boost::asio::deadline_timer tick_timer_;
-
-        Handler* handler_;
-        uint16_t concurrency_{1};
-        std::string server_name_ = "Crow/0.1";
-        uint16_t port_;
-        std::string bindaddr_;
-        unsigned int roundrobin_index_{};
-
-        std::chrono::milliseconds tick_interval_;
-        std::function<void()> tick_function_;
-
-        std::tuple<Middlewares...>* middlewares_;
-
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_SSL
-        bool use_ssl_{false};
-        boost::asio::ssl::context ssl_context_{boost::asio::ssl::context::sslv23};
-#endif
-        typename Adaptor::context* adaptor_ctx_;
-    };
-}
-
-
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <chrono>
-#include <string>
-#include <functional>
-#include <memory>
-#include <future>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <thread>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-#ifdef CROW_MSVC_WORKAROUND
-#define CROW_ROUTE(app, url) app.route_dynamic(url)
-#else
-#define CROW_ROUTE(app, url) app.route<crow::black_magic::get_parameter_tag(url)>(url)
-#endif
-
-namespace crow
-{
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_SSL
-    using ssl_context_t = boost::asio::ssl::context;
-#endif
-    template <typename ... Middlewares>
-    class Crow
-    {
-    public:
-        using self_t = Crow;
-        using server_t = Server<Crow, SocketAdaptor, Middlewares...>;
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_SSL
-        using ssl_server_t = Server<Crow, SSLAdaptor, Middlewares...>;
-#endif
-        Crow()
-        {
-        }
-
-		template <typename Adaptor> 
-        void handle_upgrade(const request& req, response& res, Adaptor&& adaptor)
-        {
-            router_.handle_upgrade(req, res, adaptor);
-        }
-
-        void handle(const request& req, response& res)
-        {
-            router_.handle(req, res);
-        }
-
-        DynamicRule& route_dynamic(std::string&& rule)
-        {
-            return router_.new_rule_dynamic(std::move(rule));
-        }
-
-        template <uint64_t Tag>
-        auto route(std::string&& rule)
-            -> typename std::result_of<decltype(&Router::new_rule_tagged<Tag>)(Router, std::string&&)>::type
-        {
-            return router_.new_rule_tagged<Tag>(std::move(rule));
-        }
-
-        self_t& port(std::uint16_t port)
-        {
-            port_ = port;
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        self_t& bindaddr(std::string bindaddr)
-        {
-            bindaddr_ = bindaddr;
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        self_t& multithreaded()
-        {
-            return concurrency(std::thread::hardware_concurrency());
-        }
-
-        self_t& concurrency(std::uint16_t concurrency)
-        {
-            if (concurrency < 1)
-                concurrency = 1;
-            concurrency_ = concurrency;
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        void validate()
-        {
-            router_.validate();
-        }
-
-        void run()
-        {
-            validate();
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_SSL
-            if (use_ssl_)
-            {
-                ssl_server_ = std::move(std::unique_ptr<ssl_server_t>(new ssl_server_t(this, bindaddr_, port_, &middlewares_, concurrency_, &ssl_context_)));
-                ssl_server_->set_tick_function(tick_interval_, tick_function_);
-                ssl_server_->run();
-            }
-            else
-#endif
-            {
-                server_ = std::move(std::unique_ptr<server_t>(new server_t(this, bindaddr_, port_, &middlewares_, concurrency_, nullptr)));
-                server_->set_tick_function(tick_interval_, tick_function_);
-                server_->run();
-            }
-        }
-
-        void stop()
-        {
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_SSL
-            if (use_ssl_)
-            {
-                ssl_server_->stop();
-            }
-            else
-#endif
-            {
-                server_->stop();
-            }
-        }
-
-        void debug_print()
-        {
-            CROW_LOG_DEBUG << "Routing:";
-            router_.debug_print();
-        }
-
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_SSL
-        self_t& ssl_file(const std::string& crt_filename, const std::string& key_filename)
-        {
-            use_ssl_ = true;
-            ssl_context_.set_verify_mode(boost::asio::ssl::verify_peer);
-            ssl_context_.use_certificate_file(crt_filename, ssl_context_t::pem);
-            ssl_context_.use_private_key_file(key_filename, ssl_context_t::pem);
-            ssl_context_.set_options(
-                    boost::asio::ssl::context::default_workarounds
-                          | boost::asio::ssl::context::no_sslv2
-                          | boost::asio::ssl::context::no_sslv3
-                    );
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        self_t& ssl_file(const std::string& pem_filename)
-        {
-            use_ssl_ = true;
-            ssl_context_.set_verify_mode(boost::asio::ssl::verify_peer);
-            ssl_context_.load_verify_file(pem_filename);
-            ssl_context_.set_options(
-                    boost::asio::ssl::context::default_workarounds
-                          | boost::asio::ssl::context::no_sslv2
-                          | boost::asio::ssl::context::no_sslv3
-                    );
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        self_t& ssl(boost::asio::ssl::context&& ctx)
-        {
-            use_ssl_ = true;
-            ssl_context_ = std::move(ctx);
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-
-        bool use_ssl_{false};
-        ssl_context_t ssl_context_{boost::asio::ssl::context::sslv23};
-
-#else
-        template <typename T, typename ... Remain>
-        self_t& ssl_file(T&&, Remain&&...)
-        {
-            // We can't call .ssl() member function unless CROW_ENABLE_SSL is defined.
-            static_assert(
-                    // make static_assert dependent to T; always false
-                    std::is_base_of<T, void>::value,
-                    "Define CROW_ENABLE_SSL to enable ssl support.");
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        template <typename T>
-        self_t& ssl(T&&)
-        {
-            // We can't call .ssl() member function unless CROW_ENABLE_SSL is defined.
-            static_assert(
-                    // make static_assert dependent to T; always false
-                    std::is_base_of<T, void>::value,
-                    "Define CROW_ENABLE_SSL to enable ssl support.");
-            return *this;
-        }
-#endif
-
-        // middleware
-        using context_t = detail::context<Middlewares...>;
-        template <typename T>
-        typename T::context& get_context(const request& req)
-        {
-            static_assert(black_magic::contains<T, Middlewares...>::value, "App doesn't have the specified middleware type.");
-            auto& ctx = *reinterpret_cast<context_t*>(req.middleware_context);
-            return ctx.template get<T>();
-        }
-
-        template <typename T>
-        T& get_middleware()
-        {
-            return utility::get_element_by_type<T, Middlewares...>(middlewares_);
-        }
-
-        template <typename Duration, typename Func>
-        self_t& tick(Duration d, Func f) {
-            tick_interval_ = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(d);
-            tick_function_ = f;
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-    private:
-        uint16_t port_ = 80;
-        uint16_t concurrency_ = 1;
-        std::string bindaddr_ = "0.0.0.0";
-        Router router_;
-
-        std::chrono::milliseconds tick_interval_;
-        std::function<void()> tick_function_;
-
-        std::tuple<Middlewares...> middlewares_;
-
-#ifdef CROW_ENABLE_SSL
-        std::unique_ptr<ssl_server_t> ssl_server_;
-#endif
-        std::unique_ptr<server_t> server_;
-    };
-    template <typename ... Middlewares>
-    using App = Crow<Middlewares...>;
-    using SimpleApp = Crow<>;
-}
-
-
-
-#pragma once
diff --git a/examples/CMakeLists.txt b/examples/CMakeLists.txt
index b92539e..efb4acc 100644
--- a/examples/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/examples/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ if (Tcmalloc_FOUND)
 endif(Tcmalloc_FOUND)
 
 add_executable(example_with_all example_with_all.cpp)
+add_dependencies(example_with_all amalgamation)
 #target_link_libraries(example crow)
 target_link_libraries(example_with_all ${Boost_LIBRARIES})
 target_link_libraries(example_with_all ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
-- 
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